Armenian

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Etymology

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Learned borrowing from Old Armenian սանձ (sanj).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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սանձ (sanj)

  1. bit (metal in horse's mouth)
    Synonyms: լկամ (lkam), բերանոց (beranocʻ)
  2. bridle
  3. (figuratively) check, curb

Declension

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i-type, inanimate (Eastern Armenian)
singular plural
nominative սանձ (sanj) սանձեր (sanjer)
dative սանձի (sanji) սանձերի (sanjeri)
ablative սանձից (sanjicʻ) սանձերից (sanjericʻ)
instrumental սանձով (sanjov) սանձերով (sanjerov)
locative սանձում (sanjum) սանձերում (sanjerum)
definite forms
nominative սանձը/սանձն (sanjə/sanjn) սանձերը/սանձերն (sanjerə/sanjern)
dative սանձին (sanjin) սանձերին (sanjerin)
1st person possessive forms (my)
nominative սանձս (sanjs) սանձերս (sanjers)
dative սանձիս (sanjis) սանձերիս (sanjeris)
ablative սանձիցս (sanjicʻs) սանձերիցս (sanjericʻs)
instrumental սանձովս (sanjovs) սանձերովս (sanjerovs)
locative սանձումս (sanjums) սանձերումս (sanjerums)
2nd person possessive forms (your)
nominative սանձդ (sanjd) սանձերդ (sanjerd)
dative սանձիդ (sanjid) սանձերիդ (sanjerid)
ablative սանձիցդ (sanjicʻd) սանձերիցդ (sanjericʻd)
instrumental սանձովդ (sanjovd) սանձերովդ (sanjerovd)
locative սանձումդ (sanjumd) սանձերումդ (sanjerumd)
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Old Armenian

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Etymology

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The origin is unknown.[1][2][3]

De Lagarde compares to Avestan 𐬚𐬀𐬧𐬘- (θaṇj-, to pull, draw),[4] which is from Proto-Iranian *θanǰáyati (to pull), whence also Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (sancyt /⁠sanǰed⁠/, to weigh), Persian سنجیدن (sanjidan, to weigh).

J̌ahukyan remarks that inheritance from Proto-Indo-European *ḱenk- (to hang) is unlikely.[3]

Noun

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սանձ (sanj)

  1. bit (metal in horse's mouth)
  2. bridle
    Synonyms: երասանակ (erasanak), դանդանաւանդ (dandanawand)
    սանձ արկանելsanj arkanelto bridle
  3. (figuratively) check, curb
    սանձս դնելsanjs dnelto put a check upon, to curb, to put a term to

Declension

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Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Armenian: սանձ (sanj)

References

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  1. ^ Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1979) “սանձ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume IV, Yerevan: University Press, pages 173–174
  2. ^ Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 957
  3. 3.0 3.1 J̌ahukyan, Geworg (2010) “սանձ”, in Vahan Sargsyan, editor, Hayeren stugabanakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Asoghik, page 667b
  4. ^ Lagarde, Paul de (1877) Armenische Studien (in German), Göttingen: Dieterich, § 1944, page 132

Further reading

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  • Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “սանձ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
  • Ġazarean, Ṙubēn (2000) “սանձ”, in G. B. Tʻosunean, editor, Grabari baṙaran [Dictionary of Old Armenian] (in Armenian), Yerevan: University Press
  • Ġazarean, Ṙubēn (2006) “սանձ”, in Grabari homanišneri baṙaran [Dictionary of Old Armenian Synonyms], Yerevan: University Press
  • Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “սանձ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
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