שבט

See also: שבֿט

Aramaic

Etymology

From Akkadian 𒌚𒀾 (Šabāṭum, literally “month of wheat”).

Proper noun

שְׁבָט • (šəḇāṭ) m

1. February
2. Shevat

Descendants

• Classical Syriac: ܫܒܛ (šḇāṭ)
  • Arabic: شُبَاط (šubāṭ)
    • Turkish: şubat
• Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܫܒ݂ܵܛ (šḇāṭ)
• Turoyo: ܐܷܫܘܷܛ (ëšwëṭ)

References

• Jastrow, Marcus (1903) A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature, London, New York: Luzac & Co., G.P. Putnam's Sons, page 1513

Hebrew

Etymology 1

Root
שׁ־ב־ט (sh-b-ṭ)

From Proto-Semitic *šabṭ-.

Pronunciation

• (Biblical Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʃibtˤ/
• (Tiberian Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ˈʃeː.vɛtˤ/, [ˈʃeː.vɛtˤ]
• (Yemenite Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ˈʃe.vatˤ/, [ˈʃeː.vɑtˤ]
• (Sephardi Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ˈʃe.vetˤ/ (East), /ˈʃe.vet/ (West)
• (Ashkenazi Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ˈʃe.vet/
• (Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ˈʃe.vet/

Noun

שֵׁבֶט • (shévet) m (plural indefinite שְׁבָטִים, plural construct שִׁבְטֵי־) [pattern: קֵטֶל]

1. tribe
2. a wand, a staff; a swatting rod. cattle prod or a shepherd's crook.
   • גַּם כִּי אֵלֵךְ בְּגֵיא צַלְמָוֶת לֹא אִירָא רָע כִּי אַתָּה עִמָּדִי שִׁבְטְךָ וּמִשְׁעַנְתֶּךָ הֵמָּה יְנַחֲמֻנִי

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

     (Psalms 23, v. 4)

Synonyms

• (biblical) מַטֶּה (maté)

Derived terms

• שִׁבְטִי

Etymology 2

From Akkadian 𒌚𒀾 (Šabāṭum, literally “month of wheat (i.e. the start of harvest season)”).

Pronunciation

• (Tiberian Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ˈʃvɔːtˤ/, [ʃaˈvɔː.ɔtˤ]
• (Yemenite Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʃəˈvɔtˤ/, [ʃæˈvɔːtˤ]
• (Sephardi Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʃeˈvatˤ/ (East), /ʃeˈvat/ (West)
• (Ashkenazi Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ˈʃvɔt/
• (Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ˈʃvat/

Proper noun

שְׁבָט • (sh'vát)

1. (Judaism) Shevat (the fifth month of the civil year and the eleventh month of the ecclesiastical year in the Jewish calendar, after Tevet and before Adar)
   • Tanach, Zephaniah 1:7, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:

     בְּיוֹם עֶשְׂרִים וְאַרְבָּעָה לְעַשְׁתֵּי־עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ הוּא־חֹדֶשׁ שְׁבָט בִּשְׁנַת שְׁתַּיִם לְדָרְיָוֶשׁ הָיָה דְבַר־יְהֹוָה אֶל־זְכַרְיָה בֶּן־בֶּרֶכְיָהוּ בֶּן־עִדּוֹא הַנָּבִיא לֵאמֹר׃

     B-yóm 'esrím v-arba'á l-'ashtéi 'asár ḥódesh hu ḥódesh Shvaṭ bi-shnat shtáyim l-Daryávesh hayá dvár Zkharyá ben Berekhyáhu ben 'Iddó ha-navi lemór—

     Upon the four and twentieth day of the eleventh month, which is the month Shebat, in the second year of Darius, came the word of the Lord unto Zechariah the son of Berechiah, the son of Iddo, the prophet, saying—

   • a. 217 C.E., Mishnah, Rosh Hashanah 1:1:

     בְּאֶחָד בִּשְׁבָט, רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה לָאִילָן, כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמַּאי. בֵּית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, בַּחֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר בּוֹ:

     B-eḥad bi-Shváṭ, rosh ha-shaná la-ilán, k-divréi veit Shammái. Beit Hillél omrím, ba-ḥamishá 'asár bo.

     On the first of Shevat is the new year for trees, according to the school of Shammai. The school of Hillel say, on the fifteenth of it.

   • a. 500 C.E., Babylonian Talmud, Eruvin 7a:

     מַעֲשֶׂה בְּרַבִּי עֲקִיבָא שֶׁלִּיקֵּט אֶתְרוֹג בְּאֶחָד בִּשְׁבָט, וְנָהַג בּוֹ שְׁנֵי עִישּׂוּרִין.

     Ma'asé b-rabbí Aqivá she-liqqét etróg b-eḥád bi-shváṭ, v-nahág bo shnéi 'issurín.

     Once Rabbi Akiva picked a citron on the first of Shevat, and took two tithes from it.

Derived terms

• ט״וּ בִּשְׁבָט (tú bish'vat)

See also

• (Hebrew calendar months) תשרי, חשוון, כסלו, טבת, שבט, אדר, ניסן, אייר, סיוון, תמוז, אב, אלול ^{(Category: he:Hebrew calendar months)}

Etymology 3

Verb

שִׁבֵּט • (shibét) (pi'el construction)

1. defective spelling of שיבט

References

• “שבט” in the Hebrew Terms Database of the Academy of Hebrew Language
• H7627 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible

Further reading

• שבט on the Hebrew Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^he
• שבט (חודש) on the Hebrew Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^he