آس

See also: اس, اِسْ, آش, اش, أس, and إس

Arabic

FWOTD – 26 October 2023

آس

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʔaːs/

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Aramaic אָסָא / ܐܵܣܵܐ (ʾāsā, “myrtle”), from Akkadian 𒄑𒊍 (asum, “myrtle”).

Noun

آس • (ʔās) m

2. myrtle (Myrtus gen. et spp.)

   Synonyms: رَيْحَان (rayḥān), مَرْسِين (marsīn), هَدَس (hadas), قُمَام (qumām)

   • c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام [yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʔaḥmad ibn al-ʕawwām], edited by José Antonio Banqueri, كتاب الفلاحة [Book on Agriculture], volume 2, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802^IA, Cap. 29, Art. 15, pages 383–384:

     والكتم قال أبو الخير هو ثلاثة أنواع منها ما له ورق عريض مثل ورق الآس الذي ينبت في الشعرى وهو يعلو كثيرا ويأخذ من التدويح وورقه مشرفة مثل تشريف المنشار ومنه نوع آخر له ورق دون الأول في العرض وتعظم شجرته أيضا وله حب في قدر حب الفلفل والريحان ويعتصر منه دهن يستصبح به ونوع آخر له ورق طويل دقيق مثل ورق المسان وقيل إن مما جرب فصح إنه إن سقى من عصارة ورقه ثمانية دراهم لمن عضه الكلب فإنه يبرئ في ذلك اليوم ويخلص بإذن الله تعالى وأن فزع من الماء فإنه يبرئ والكتم هو شبيه للحناء ويجفف ورقه ويدق نعما ويخلط بالحناء وخضب به الشعر.

     About the mock privet says Abū al-Ḵayr that there are three kinds of it: The first has wide leaves similar to the leaves of the myrtle which grows in the maquis and it becomes very high and swollen and its leaves are humped like a saw, the second has leaves of lesser width but its tree is also poddy and its seeds are of the size of the seeds of peppers and myrtles and from them one can press oil for lighting, and another kind has long delicate leaves like sandpaper and it is said if someone is affected by scabies then he will regain health, that if he whom a dog has bitten drinks eight dirhem from the extract of its leaves he will becomes free from the ailment the same day and cleansed of it if God is gracious; so that he will fear water but he will be free of the pest. Mock privet is similar to henna and one dries its leaves and crushes them well and mixes with henna and dyes the hair with it.

Declension

Declension of noun آس (ʔās)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	آس ʔās	الْآس al-ʔās	آس ʔās
Nominative	آسٌ ʔāsun	الْآسُ al-ʔāsu	آسُ ʔāsu
Accusative	آسًا ʔāsan	الْآسَ al-ʔāsa	آسَ ʔāsa
Genitive	آسٍ ʔāsin	الْآسِ al-ʔāsi	آسِ ʔāsi

Descendants

• ⇒ Cypriot Arabic: ximplás
• → Ge'ez: እልኣስ (ʾəlʾas, “myrtle”)
• → Middle Armenian: հապալաս (hapalas) (√ حَبّ الْآس (ḥabb al-ʔās))
  • → Armenian: հապալաս (hapalas) (learned)

Etymology 2

Ultimately from Latin as, likely through French as.

Noun

آس • (ʔās) m (plural آسَات (ʔāsāt))

2. ace (card games, dice games, etc.)

Declension

Declension of noun آس (ʔās)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	آس ʔās	الْآس al-ʔās	آس ʔās
Nominative	آسٌ ʔāsun	الْآسُ al-ʔāsu	آسُ ʔāsu
Accusative	آسًا ʔāsan	الْآسَ al-ʔāsa	آسَ ʔāsa
Genitive	آسٍ ʔāsin	الْآسِ al-ʔāsi	آسِ ʔāsi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	آسَيْن ʔāsayn	الْآسَيْن al-ʔāsayn	آسَيْ ʔāsay
Nominative	آسَانِ ʔāsāni	الْآسَانِ al-ʔāsāni	آسَا ʔāsā
Accusative	آسَيْنِ ʔāsayni	الْآسَيْنِ al-ʔāsayni	آسَيْ ʔāsay
Genitive	آسَيْنِ ʔāsayni	الْآسَيْنِ al-ʔāsayni	آسَيْ ʔāsay
Plural	sound feminine plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	آسَات ʔāsāt	الْآسَات al-ʔāsāt	آسَات ʔāsāt
Nominative	آسَاتٌ ʔāsātun	الْآسَاتُ al-ʔāsātu	آسَاتُ ʔāsātu
Accusative	آسَاتٍ ʔāsātin	الْآسَاتِ al-ʔāsāti	آسَاتِ ʔāsāti
Genitive	آسَاتٍ ʔāsātin	الْآسَاتِ al-ʔāsāti	آسَاتِ ʔāsāti

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Aramaic אָסְיָא / ܐܵܣܝܵܐ (ʾāsyā, “physician, healer”), from Akkadian 𒀀𒍪 (A.ZU /⁠asû⁠/, “physician, healer”), from Sumerian 𒀀𒍪 (A.ZU /⁠azu⁠/, “physician, healer”). This term has merged with the native root ء س و (ʔ-s-w) having originally the meanings “to grieve”, “to hurt”, and developed additional forms, this noun being reinterpreted as an active participle of the form I verb, the same happening in Aramaic. It has also engendered additional forms in Aramaic, Hebrew, Ethiopian Semitic.

Noun

آسٍ • (ʔāsin) m (construct state آسِي (ʔāsī), plural آسُونَ (ʔāsūna) or أُسَاة (ʔusāh) or إِسَاء (ʔisāʔ), feminine آسِيَة (ʔāsiya)) (archaic)

2. physician, healer, one who knows medicine

   Synonym: طَبِيب (ṭabīb)

   • a. 965, Al-Mutanabbi, فِي الْخَدِّ أَنْ عَزَمَ الْخَلِيطُ رَحِيلًا (fī l-ḵaddi ʔan ʕazama l-ḵalīṭu raḥīlan):

     يَطَأُ الثَّرَى مُتَرَفِّقًا مِنْ تَيْهِهِ // فَكَأَنَّهُ آسٍ يَجُسُّ عَلِيلَا

     yaṭaʔu ṯ-ṯarā mutaraffiqan min tayhihi // fakaʔannahu ʔāsin yajussu ʕalīlā

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 1948, مُحَمَّد مَهْدِيّ اَلْجَوَاهِرِيّ [muḥammad mahdiyy al-jawāhiriyy], “أَخِي جَعْفَر [ʔaḵī jaʕfar]”, in سَعِيد عَلِيّ [saʕīd ʕaliyy], compiler, دِيوَان الْجَوَاهِرِيّ [dīwān al-jawāhiriyy], part 1, Saida, Lebanon: اَلْمَكْتَبَة اَلْعَصْرِيَّة [al-maktaba(t) al-ʕaṣriyya], published 1967 October, →OCLC, page 180:

     فَيَا لَكَ مِنْ مَرْهَمٍ مَا ٱهْتَدَى إِلَيْهِ الْأُسَاةُ وَمَا رَهَّمُوا

     fayā laka min marhamin mā htadā ʔilayhi l-ʔusātu wamā rahhamū

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Declension

Declension of noun آسٍ (ʔāsin)

Singular	Masculine			Feminine
	singular triptote in ـٍ (-in)			singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	آسِي ʔāsī	الْآسِي al-ʔāsī	آسِي ʔāsī	آسِيَة ʔāsiya	الْآسِيَة al-ʔāsiya	آسِيَة ʔāsiyat
Nominative	آسٍ ʔāsin	الْآسِي al-ʔāsī	آسِي ʔāsī	آسِيَةٌ ʔāsiyatun	الْآسِيَةُ al-ʔāsiyatu	آسِيَةُ ʔāsiyatu
Accusative	آسِيًا ʔāsiyan	الْآسِيَ al-ʔāsiya	آسِيَ ʔāsiya	آسِيَةً ʔāsiyatan	الْآسِيَةَ al-ʔāsiyata	آسِيَةَ ʔāsiyata
Genitive	آسٍ ʔāsin	الْآسِي al-ʔāsī	آسِي ʔāsī	آسِيَةٍ ʔāsiyatin	الْآسِيَةِ al-ʔāsiyati	آسِيَةِ ʔāsiyati
Dual	Masculine			Feminine
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	آسِيَيْن ʔāsiyayn	الْآسِيَيْن al-ʔāsiyayn	آسِيَيْ ʔāsiyay	آسِيَتَيْن ʔāsiyatayn	الْآسِيَتَيْن al-ʔāsiyatayn	آسِيَتَيْ ʔāsiyatay
Nominative	آسِيَانِ ʔāsiyāni	الْآسِيَانِ al-ʔāsiyāni	آسِيَا ʔāsiyā	آسِيَتَانِ ʔāsiyatāni	الْآسِيَتَانِ al-ʔāsiyatāni	آسِيَتَا ʔāsiyatā
Accusative	آسِيَيْنِ ʔāsiyayni	الْآسِيَيْنِ al-ʔāsiyayni	آسِيَيْ ʔāsiyay	آسِيَتَيْنِ ʔāsiyatayni	الْآسِيَتَيْنِ al-ʔāsiyatayni	آسِيَتَيْ ʔāsiyatay
Genitive	آسِيَيْنِ ʔāsiyayni	الْآسِيَيْنِ al-ʔāsiyayni	آسِيَيْ ʔāsiyay	آسِيَتَيْنِ ʔāsiyatayni	الْآسِيَتَيْنِ al-ʔāsiyatayni	آسِيَتَيْ ʔāsiyatay
Plural	Masculine			Feminine
	sound masculine plural‎; broken plural triptote in ـَاة (-āh)‎; basic broken plural triptote			sound feminine plural‎; broken plural diptote in ـٍ (-in)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	آسِين‎; أُسَاة‎; إِسَاء ʔāsīn‎; ʔusāt‎; ʔisāʔ	الْآسِين‎; الْأُسَاة‎; الْإِسَاء al-ʔāsīn‎; al-ʔusāt‎; al-ʔisāʔ	آسِي‎; أُسَاة‎; إِسَاء ʔāsī‎; ʔusāt‎; ʔisāʔ	آسِيَات‎; أَوَاسِي ʔāsiyāt‎; ʔawāsī	الْآسِيَات‎; الْأَوَاسِي al-ʔāsiyāt‎; al-ʔawāsī	آسِيَات‎; أَوَاسِي ʔāsiyāt‎; ʔawāsī
Nominative	آسُونَ‎; أُسَاةٌ‎; إِسَاءٌ ʔāsūna‎; ʔusātun‎; ʔisāʔun	الْآسُونَ‎; الْأُسَاةُ‎; الْإِسَاءُ al-ʔāsūna‎; al-ʔusātu‎; al-ʔisāʔu	آسُو‎; أُسَاةُ‎; إِسَاءُ ʔāsū‎; ʔusātu‎; ʔisāʔu	آسِيَاتٌ‎; أَوَاسٍ ʔāsiyātun‎; ʔawāsin	الْآسِيَاتُ‎; الْأَوَاسِي al-ʔāsiyātu‎; al-ʔawāsī	آسِيَاتُ‎; أَوَاسِي ʔāsiyātu‎; ʔawāsī
Accusative	آسِينَ‎; أُسَاةً‎; إِسَاءً ʔāsīna‎; ʔusātan‎; ʔisāʔan	الْآسِينَ‎; الْأُسَاةَ‎; الْإِسَاءَ al-ʔāsīna‎; al-ʔusāta‎; al-ʔisāʔa	آسِي‎; أُسَاةَ‎; إِسَاءَ ʔāsī‎; ʔusāta‎; ʔisāʔa	آسِيَاتٍ‎; أَوَاسِيَ ʔāsiyātin‎; ʔawāsiya	الْآسِيَاتِ‎; الْأَوَاسِيَ al-ʔāsiyāti‎; al-ʔawāsiya	آسِيَاتِ‎; أَوَاسِيَ ʔāsiyāti‎; ʔawāsiya
Genitive	آسِينَ‎; أُسَاةٍ‎; إِسَاءٍ ʔāsīna‎; ʔusātin‎; ʔisāʔin	الْآسِينَ‎; الْأُسَاةِ‎; الْإِسَاءِ al-ʔāsīna‎; al-ʔusāti‎; al-ʔisāʔi	آسِي‎; أُسَاةِ‎; إِسَاءِ ʔāsī‎; ʔusāti‎; ʔisāʔi	آسِيَاتٍ‎; أَوَاسٍ ʔāsiyātin‎; ʔawāsin	الْآسِيَاتِ‎; الْأَوَاسِي al-ʔāsiyāti‎; al-ʔawāsī	آسِيَاتِ‎; أَوَاسِي ʔāsiyāti‎; ʔawāsī

References

• Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 139
• Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 261

Baluchi

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Iranian *HáHtr̥š; see there for more.

Noun

آس • (ás)

1. fire
2. flame

See also

• آچ (ác)

Pashto

Noun

آس • (ās)

1. Alternative form of اس (as, “horse”)

Persian

Etymology

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- (“sharp”); compare English edge. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Noun

آس • (âs)

1. millstone

Derived terms

• آس کردن (âs kardan)
• آسیاب (âsyâb)
  • آسیاب آبی (âsyâb-e âbi)
  • آسیاب بادی (âsyâb-e bâdi)
• آسباد (âsbâd)

References

• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “آس”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul

Punjabi

Etymology

Borrowed from Urdu آس (ās).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Punjabi) IPA^(key): /äːs/

Noun

آس • (ās) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਆਸ)

1. hope, expectation

Declension

Declension of آس
dir. sg.	آس (ās)
dir. pl.	آساں (āsāṉ)
	singular	plural
direct	آس (ās)	آساں (āsāṉ)
oblique	آس (ās)	آساں (āsāṉ)
vocative	آسے (āse)	آسو (āso)
ablative	آسوں (āsoṉ)	آساں (āsāṉ)
locative	آسی (āsī)	آسِیں (āsīṉ)
instrumental	آسِیں (āsīṉ)	آسے (āse)

References

• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “āśás”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 66

Further reading

• Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002) “آس”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat‎ (in Punjabi), Lahore: ʻAzīz Pablisharz
• Bashir, Kanwal (2012) “آس”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Hyattsville, MD: Dunwoody Press, page 5
• “ਆਸ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2024

Urdu

Etymology

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀆𑀲𑀸 (āsā), from Sanskrit आशा (āśā, “hope, wish, expectation”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /ɑːs/

Noun

آس • (ās) f (Hindi spelling आस)

1. hope, expectation

References

• “آس”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
• Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “آس”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co., page 10