آپ
Baluchi
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Iranian *Hā́fš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hā́ps, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep-. Compare Persian آب (âb), Northern Kurdish av, Bakhtiari او (aw), Pashto اوبه (Obë /Obo), Avestan 𐬀𐬞 (ap), Sanskrit अप् (áp).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editآپ • (áp)
References
edit- Carina Jahani, Standardization and Orthography in the Balochi Language (1989), page 103: This would mean that, for instance, the Western forms gok 'cow', ap 'water', rod 'day' and waja 'master' would be written, but that the Easterners could read them out as gox, af, ros and waza.
Punjabi
editEtymology
editInherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀅𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸 (appā), from Sanskrit आत्मन् (ātmán, “soul, spirit; self”). Doublet of آپاں (āpāṉ)
Pronoun
editUrdu
editEtymology
editInherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀅𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸 (appā), from Sanskrit आत्मन् (ātmán, “soul, spirit; self”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *HáHtmā, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HáHtmā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éh₁t-mō ~ *h₁h₁t-m̥nés (“breath, spirit”), from *h₁eh₁t- (“to breathe”) + *-mō. Cognate with Gujarati આપું (āpũ), Nepali आंत (ānta), Marathi आपण (āpaṇ), Bengali আপনি (apni), Sinhalese අපි (api). Compare Kamkata-viri amú (“self”), Dhivehi އަހަރެން (aharen̊).
Pronunciation
edit- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /ɑːp/
Pronoun
edit- (formal, polite) second-person subjective or objective personal pronoun, grammatically plural: you, ye; Early Modern English formal ye.
- (rare, honorific) third-person subjective or objective personal pronoun: he, she, they, him, her, them
- reflexive pronoun: oneself, one's own
- Synonym: خود (xud)
- مشین آپ ہی چل پڑی ― maśīn āp-hī cal paṛī ― the machine started on its own
Usage notes
edit- آپ is the most formal way of expressing "you" in Urdu and is used when addressing elders or those higher in social status. Because less formal forms could offend others, آپ is the safest way to express "you" unless there is reason to be less formal.
- Because آپ is grammatically plural (adjectives and verbs etc affected by it take their plural forms) even when there is only one person being referred to, the term آپ لوگ (literally: you people) can be used to specify that more than one person is being referred to because of T-V distinction.
Declension
edit
Derived terms
edit- اپنے آپ (apne-āp)
See also
edit- تو (tū) - informal, intimate, contemptuous or possibly vulgar, grammatically singular
- تم (tum) - semiformal, familiar, grammatically plural
Urdu personal pronouns | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Person | Description | Direct case | Indirect case | Ergative case | Dative/Accusative case | |
1st person | singular | مَیں (ma͠i) | مُجھ (mujh) | مَیں نے (ma͠i ne) | مُجھ کو (mujh ko),
مُجھے (mujhe) | |
formal (rare) | خَاکْسَار (xāksār) | خَاکْسَار نے (xāksār ne) | خَاکْسَار کو (xāksār ko) | |||
plural | ہَم (ham) | ہَم نے (ham ne) | ہَم کو (ham ko),
ہَمیں (hamẽ) | |||
2nd person | informal (intimate) | تُو (tū) | تُجھ (tujh) | تُو نے (tū ne) | تُجھ کو (tujh ko),
تُجھے (tujhe) | |
semiformal (familiar) | تُم (tum) | تُم نے (tum ne) | تُم کو (tum ko),
تُمْہیں (tumhẽ) | |||
formal (polite) | آپ (āp) | آپ نے (āp ne) | آپ کو (āp ko) | |||
3rd person | proximal | singular / informal | یِہ (ye) | اِس (is) | اِس نے (is ne) | اِس کو (is ko),
اِسے (ise) |
plural / formal | اِن (in) | اِنْہوں نے (inhõ ne) | اِن کو (in ko),
اِنْہیں (inhẽ) | |||
distal | singular / informal | وُہ (vo) | اُس (us) | اُس نے (us ne) | اُس کو (us ko),
اُسے (use) | |
plural / formal | اُن (un) | اُنْہوں نے (unhõ ne) | اُن کو (un ko),
اُنْہیں (unhẽ) |
- Baluchi terms inherited from Proto-Iranian
- Baluchi terms derived from Proto-Iranian
- Baluchi terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Baluchi terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Baluchi terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Baluchi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Baluchi lemmas
- Baluchi nouns
- Punjabi terms inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit
- Punjabi terms derived from Sauraseni Prakrit
- Punjabi terms inherited from Sanskrit
- Punjabi terms derived from Sanskrit
- Punjabi doublets
- Punjabi lemmas
- Punjabi pronouns
- Punjabi pronouns in Shahmukhi script
- Urdu terms inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit
- Urdu terms derived from Sauraseni Prakrit
- Urdu terms inherited from Sanskrit
- Urdu terms derived from Sanskrit
- Urdu terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan
- Urdu terms derived from Proto-Indo-Aryan
- Urdu terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Urdu terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Urdu terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Urdu terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Urdu terms with IPA pronunciation
- Urdu lemmas
- Urdu pronouns
- Urdu formal terms
- Urdu polite terms
- Urdu terms with rare senses
- Urdu honorific terms
- Urdu terms with usage examples