باغ

See also: تاغ and باع

Khalaj

Noun

باغ (bâğ) (definite accusative باغؽ, plural باغلار)

1. Arabic spelling of bâğ (“garden”)

Declension

Declension of باغ

	singular	plural
nominative	باغ	باغلار
genitive	باغؽݧ	باغلارؽݧ
dative	باغقا	باغلارقا
definite accusative	باغؽ	باغلارؽ
locative	باغچا	باغلارچا
ablative	باغدا	باغلاردا
instrumental	باغلا	باغلارلا
equative	باغوارا	باغلاروارا

Ottoman Turkish

باغ

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Iranian *bāgáh

Old Persian *bāgah

Middle Persian bʾg

Classical Persian بَاغ (bāğ)bor.

Ottoman Turkish باغ

Borrowed from Persian باغ (bâğ), from Middle Persian 𐭡𐭠𐭢 (bāɣ, “garden, orchard”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰāgás (“portion, share, allotment”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂g- (“to divide, distribute, allot”).

Noun

باغ • (bağ)

1. garden, an outdoor area where plants are grown for ornamental purposes

   Synonyms: باغچه (bağçe), جنت (cennet), فردوس (firdevs)

2. orchard, plantation, an area of land for the cultivation of fruit or nut trees
3. vineyard, a grape plantation, especially one used in the production of wine

Derived terms

• باغ اكمك (bağ ekmek, “to plant a vineyard”)
• باغ بدیع (bağ-ı bediʿ, “paradise”)
• باغ بودامق (bağ budamak, “to harvest grapes”)
• باغ بوزومی (bağ bozumu, “grape harvest”)
• باغ رفیع (bağ-ı refiʿ, “paradise”)
• باغ فردوس (bağ-ı firdevs, “garden of paradise”)
• باغ چبوغی (bağ çubuğu, “vine”)
• باغبان (bağban, “gardener”)
• باغجی (bağcı, “worker in a vineyard”)
• باغسز (bağsız, “without a vineyard”)
• باغلق (bağlık, “ground suited for a vineyard”)
• باغلو (bağlı, “containing vineyards”)

 

Related terms

• باغچه (bağçe, “garden”)

Descendants

• Turkish: bağ
• → Laz: ბაღი (baği)

Further reading

click to expand

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “bağ2”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 425
• Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “باغ”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎^[1], Vienna: F. Beck, page 103b
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “باغ”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[2], Constantinople: Mihran, page 242
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Paradisus”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[3], Vienna, column 1240
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “باغ”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[4], Vienna, column 670
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “bağ”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “باغ”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[5], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 329

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bāg (“tie, rope”); cognate with Azerbaijani bağ, Bashkir бау (baw), Kazakh бау (bau), Kyrgyz боо (boo), Nogai бав (bav), Southern Altai буу (buu) and Yakut баай (baay).

Noun

باغ • (bağ)

1. tie, band, bandage, anything with which a thing is tied or bound

   Synonyms: بند (bend), قید (kayd)

2. bundle, bunch, a group of similar things usually fastened together

Derived terms

• آشی باغی (aşı bağı, “bandage to a graft”)
• آیاق باغی (ayak bağı, “tether for a beast”)
• اكین باغی (ekin bağı, “sheaf of cut corn”)
• باغ چوزمك (bağ çözmek, “to loose a band or tie”)
• باغداش (bağdaş, “the oriental position of sitting at ease”)
• باغسز (bağsız, “without a tie or bond”)
• باغلاتمق (bağlatmak, “to make or let be tied”)
• باغلامق (bağlamak, “to tie, fasten”)
• باغلانمق (bağlanmak, “to be tied”)
• باغلق (bağlık, “a thing fit to be used as a tie”)
• باغلو (bağlı, “furnished with ties”)
• بویون باغی (boyun bağı, “necktie”)
• دیز باغی (diz bağı, “garter”)
• صاچ باغی (saç bağı, “hairband”)
• قاصق باغی (kasık bağı, “truss in hernia”)
• قلج باغی (kılıc bağı, “sword belt”)
• چیچك باغی (çiçek bağı, “bunch of flowers”)
• گوز باغی (göz bağı, “bandage for the eyes”)
• یاره باغی (yara bağı, “surgical bandage”)

 

Descendants

• Turkish: bağ

Further reading

click to expand

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “bağ3”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 426
• Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “باغ”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎^[6], Vienna: F. Beck, page 103b
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “باغ”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[7], Constantinople: Mihran, page 242
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Ligaculum”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[8], Vienna, column 949
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “باغ”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[9], Vienna, columns 669-670
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “bağ”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “باغ”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[10], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 329

Pashto

Etymology

Modern borrowing from Persian. Replacing the original بڼ (baṇ) in certain areas.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bɑɣ/
• (east-central) IPA^(key): /boɣ/

Noun

باغ • (bāǧ) m

1. garden

Synonyms

• بڼ (baṇ)

References

• Raverty, H. G. (1867) “باغ”, in A dictionary of the Puk'hto, Pus'hto, or language of the Afghans: with remarks on the originality of the language, and its affinity to other oriental tongues, London: Williams & Nortgate

Persian

FWOTD – 14 February 2013

باغ

Etymology

From Middle Persian 𐭡𐭠𐭢 (bāɣ), from Old Persian *bāgah (“garden, orchard”), from Proto-Iranian *bāgáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰāgás (“portion, share, allotment”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂g- (“to divide, distribute, allot”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [bɑːɣ]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [bɑːɣ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [bɑːɣ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [bɑːɣ]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [bɔːɣ]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [bɒːɢ̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [bɔʁ]

Readings
Classical reading?	bāğ
Dari reading?	bāğ
Iranian reading?	bâğ
Tajik reading?	boġ

• Audio (Iran):

  (file)

Noun

Dari	باغ
Iranian Persian
Tajik	боғ

باغ • (bâğ) (plural باغ‌ها (bâğ-hâ) or باغات (bâğât))

1. garden, orchard, bagh

   Synonym: بوستان (bustân)

   • 1207-73, Rumi, “بی‌همگان بسر شود، بی‌تو بسر نمی‌شود”, Divan-e Shams:

     بی‌تو اگر بسر شدی، زیر جهان زبر شدی – باغ ارم سقر شود، بی‌تو بسر نمی‌شود

     bi-to agar besar šodi, zir-e jahân zebar šodi – bâğ-e eram saqar šavad, bi-to besar nemi-šavad

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 858-941, Rudaki, “عصا بیار که وقت عصا و انبان بود”:

     بسا شکسته بیابان که باغ خرم بود – و باغ خرم گشت آن کجا بیابان بود

     basâ šekaste biâbân ke bâğ-e xorram bud – va bâğ-e xorram gašt ân kojâ biâbân bud

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Inflection

Enclitic-attached forms of باغ (bâğ) (Iranian Persian)
Basic forms of باغ (bâğ) singular plural bare باغ (bâğ) باغ‌ها (bâğ-hấ) باغا △ (bâğấ) definitive direct object باغ را (bâğ râ) باغ رو △ (bâğo) باغ‌ها را (bâğ-hấ râ) باغا رو △ (bâğấ ro) ezâfe باغ (bâğ-e) باغ‌های (bâğ-hấ-ye) باغای △ (bâğấ-ye) marked indefinite or relative definite باغی (bâğ-i) باغ‌هایی (bâğấn-i, bâğ-hấ-i) باغایی △ (bâğấi) △ Colloquial.

Derived terms

• باغ وحش (bâğ-e vahš)
• باغبان (bâğbân)
• باغبانی (bâğbâni)
• باغچه (bâğče)
• چهارباغ (čahârbâğ)

 

Descendants

• → Armenian: բաղ (baġ)
• → Azerbaijani: bağ
• → Bengali: বাগ (bag)
• → Crimean Tatar: bağ
• → English: bagh
• → Gilaki: باغ (båğ)
• → Georgian: ბაღი (baɣi)
• → Gujarati: બાગ (bāg)
• → Hindustani:
  • Hindi: बाग़ (bāġ)
  • Urdu: باغ (bāġ)
• → Kazakh: бақ (baq), бау (bau)
• → Khalaj: bâğ
• → Kipchak: باغ (bağ)
• → Ottoman Turkish: باغ (bağ)
  • Turkish: bağ
  • → Laz: ბაღი (baği)
• → Pashto: باغ (bâǧ)
• → Punjabi:
  • Gurmukhi script: ਬਾਗ਼ (bāġ)
  • Shahmukhi script: باغ (bāġ)
• → Turkmen: bag
• → Uyghur: باغ (bagh)
• → Uzbek: bogʻ
• → Sarikoli: bā̊ɣ

References

• Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “باغ”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
• MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “bāɣ”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press

Urdu

باغ

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian باغ (bāğ).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /bɑːɣ/

• Audio (Pakistan, Punjabic Urdu):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɑːɣ

Noun

باغ • (bāġ) m (Hindi spelling बाग़)

1. garden
2. orchard; grove
3. land, area

Declension

Declension of باغ
	singular	plural
direct	باغ (bāġ)	باغ (bāġ)
oblique	باغ (bāġ)	باغوں (bāġõ)
vocative	باغ (bāġ)	باغو (bāġo)

Derived terms

• باغْچَہ (bāġca, “small garden”)
• باغْ و بَہار (bāġ-o-bahār, “splendor”, literally “garden and spring”)
• باغِ عَدَن (bāġ-e-adan, “Garden of Eden”)
• باغِ بَہِشْت (bāġ-e-bahišt, “garden of Paradise”)
• باغِ عِشْق (bāġ-e-'iśq, “garden of love”)
• باغْبان (bāġbān, “gardener”)

References

• “باغ”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “باغ”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
• Platts, John T. (1884) “باغ”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
• “باغ”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.

Ushojo

Etymology

From Urdu باغ (bāğ).

Noun

باغ (bāğ)

1. garden
2. orchard

Uyghur

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian باغ (bâğ), from Middle Persian 𐭡𐭠𐭢 (bāɣ, “garden, orchard”).

Noun

باغ • (bagh) (plural باغلار (baghlar))

1. garden
2. orchard

   ئالمىلىق باغ ― almiliq bagh ― apple orchard