بخار

See also: تجاز, تجار, بحار, and تخار

Arabic

Etymology

From the root ب خ ر (b-ḵ-r), related to vapor. Compare with بَخَرَ (baḵara, “to boil”), تَبَخَّر (tabaḵḵar, “to evaporate, to perfume with incense”) and بُخُور (buḵūr, “incense”).

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

بُخَار • (buḵār) m (plural أَبْخِرَة (ʔabḵira))

1. vapor, fume
2. steam

Declension

Declension of noun بُخَار (buḵār)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	بُخَار buḵār	الْبُخَار al-buḵār	بُخَار buḵār
Nominative	بُخَارٌ buḵārun	الْبُخَارُ al-buḵāru	بُخَارُ buḵāru
Accusative	بُخَارًا buḵāran	الْبُخَارَ al-buḵāra	بُخَارَ buḵāra
Genitive	بُخَارٍ buḵārin	الْبُخَارِ al-buḵāri	بُخَارِ buḵāri
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	بُخَارَيْن buḵārayn	الْبُخَارَيْن al-buḵārayn	بُخَارَيْ buḵāray
Nominative	بُخَارَانِ buḵārāni	الْبُخَارَانِ al-buḵārāni	بُخَارَا buḵārā
Accusative	بُخَارَيْنِ buḵārayni	الْبُخَارَيْنِ al-buḵārayni	بُخَارَيْ buḵāray
Genitive	بُخَارَيْنِ buḵārayni	الْبُخَارَيْنِ al-buḵārayni	بُخَارَيْ buḵāray
Plural	broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَبْخِرَة ʔabḵira	الْأَبْخِرَة al-ʔabḵira	أَبْخِرَة ʔabḵirat
Nominative	أَبْخِرَةٌ ʔabḵiratun	الْأَبْخِرَةُ al-ʔabḵiratu	أَبْخِرَةُ ʔabḵiratu
Accusative	أَبْخِرَةً ʔabḵiratan	الْأَبْخِرَةَ al-ʔabḵirata	أَبْخِرَةَ ʔabḵirata
Genitive	أَبْخِرَةٍ ʔabḵiratin	الْأَبْخِرَةِ al-ʔabḵirati	أَبْخِرَةِ ʔabḵirati

Descendants

• Gulf Arabic: بخار (buḵār)
• → Armenian: բուխարի (buxari)
• → Azerbaijani: buxar, buxarı
• Hindustani:
  • → Hindi: बुख़ार (buxār)
  • → Urdu: بخار (buxār)
• → Georgian: ბუხარი (buxari)
  • → Bats: ბუხარ (buxar)
• → Persian: بخار (boxâr)
• → Turkish: buhar

Persian

Dari	بخار
Iranian Persian
Tajik	бухор

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic بُخَار (buḵār, “steam, vapour”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [bu.ˈxɑːɾ]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [bʊ.xɑ́ːɾ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [bʊ.xɑ́ːɾ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [bʊ.xɑ́ːɾ]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [bu.xɔ́ːɾ]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [bo.xɒ́ːɹ]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [bu.χɔ́ɾ]

Readings
Classical reading?	buxār
Dari reading?	buxār
Iranian reading?	boxâr
Tajik reading?	buxor

• Rhymes: -ɑːr

Noun

بخار • (boxâr)

1. steam, vapor

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian بُخَار (buxār), from Arabic بُخَار (buḵār, “steam, vapour”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /bʊ.xɑːɾ/
• Rhymes: -ɑːɾ
• Hyphenation: بُ‧خَار

Noun

بُخَار • (buxār) m (formal plural بُخارات (buxārāt), Hindi spelling बुख़ार)

1. fever
2. steam; vapour; exhalation
3. smoke
4. anger; anguish

Declension

Declension of بخار
	singular	plural
direct	بُخَار (buxār)	بُخَار (buxār)
oblique	بُخَار (buxār)	بُخَاروں (buxārõ)
vocative	بُخَار (buxār)	بُخَارو (buxāro)

Further reading

More information

• “بخار”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• “بخار”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
• Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “بخار”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
• Platts, John T. (1884) “بخار”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
• S. W. Fallon (1879) “بخار”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co.
• John Shakespear (1834) “بخار”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3^rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC