بوق

See also: توق, توف, and بوف

Arabic

Etymology

Natively derived from the root ب و ق (b-w-q), concerning concepts related to "trumpets" or "a sudden loud blast of sound"; hence the meaning of "a sudden striking calamity" and by extension "an evil" or "wrongful conduct". Ultimately related to the root ب ق ق (b-q-q), meaning "the buzzing of insects", "to be loud or noisy", "to be obnoxiously talkative", with likely phono-semantic matching of Ancient Greek βούκινο (boúkino) or Latin būcina, borrowed itself as Classical Syriac ܒܘܩܝܢܐ (būqīnā). Compare English bugle, an ox or bovid horn.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /buːq/

Noun

بُوق • (būq) m (plural أَبْوَاق (ʔabwāq) or بُوقَات (būqāt))

1. (music) trumpet, conch
   • a. 965, Al-Mutanabbi, لَيَالِيَّ بَعْدَ الظَّاعِنِينَ شُكُولُ:

     إِذَا كَانَ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ سَيْفًا لِدَوْلَةٍ // فَفِي النَّاسِ بُوقَاتٌ لَهَا وَطُبُولُ

     ʔiḏā kāna baʕḍu n-nāsi sayfan lidawlatin // fafī n-nāsi būqātun lahā waṭubūlu

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. (figuratively) presenting falsities deliberately as true, lie; by comparison to embellishments and pomp, making a lot of useless noise
3. (figuratively) one who does not conceal secrets, announces to all

Declension

Declension of noun بُوق (būq)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	بُوق būq	الْبُوق al-būq	بُوق būq
Nominative	بُوقٌ būqun	الْبُوقُ al-būqu	بُوقُ būqu
Accusative	بُوقًا būqan	الْبُوقَ al-būqa	بُوقَ būqa
Genitive	بُوقٍ būqin	الْبُوقِ al-būqi	بُوقِ būqi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	بُوقَيْن būqayn	الْبُوقَيْن al-būqayn	بُوقَيْ būqay
Nominative	بُوقَانِ būqāni	الْبُوقَانِ al-būqāni	بُوقَا būqā
Accusative	بُوقَيْنِ būqayni	الْبُوقَيْنِ al-būqayni	بُوقَيْ būqay
Genitive	بُوقَيْنِ būqayni	الْبُوقَيْنِ al-būqayni	بُوقَيْ būqay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote‎; sound feminine plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَبْوَاق‎; بُوقَات ʔabwāq‎; būqāt	الْأَبْوَاق‎; الْبُوقَات al-ʔabwāq‎; al-būqāt	أَبْوَاق‎; بُوقَات ʔabwāq‎; būqāt
Nominative	أَبْوَاقٌ‎; بُوقَاتٌ ʔabwāqun‎; būqātun	الْأَبْوَاقُ‎; الْبُوقَاتُ al-ʔabwāqu‎; al-būqātu	أَبْوَاقُ‎; بُوقَاتُ ʔabwāqu‎; būqātu
Accusative	أَبْوَاقًا‎; بُوقَاتٍ ʔabwāqan‎; būqātin	الْأَبْوَاقَ‎; الْبُوقَاتِ al-ʔabwāqa‎; al-būqāti	أَبْوَاقَ‎; بُوقَاتِ ʔabwāqa‎; būqāti
Genitive	أَبْوَاقٍ‎; بُوقَاتٍ ʔabwāqin‎; būqātin	الْأَبْوَاقِ‎; الْبُوقَاتِ al-ʔabwāqi‎; al-būqāti	أَبْوَاقِ‎; بُوقَاتِ ʔabwāqi‎; būqāti

Descendants

• Maltese: buq (“hollow reed”)
• → Basque: alboka
• → Georgian: ბუკი (buḳi)
• → Middle Armenian: պուկ (puk)
  • Armenian: բուկ (buk)
• → Ottoman Turkish: بوق (buk)
• → Persian: بوق (buq)
• → Spanish: albogue

References

• Lane, Edward William (1863) “بوق”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[1], London: Williams & Norgate, page 276
• Lane, Edward William (1863) “بق”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[2], London: Williams & Norgate, page 233

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology 1

بوق

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bok (“dirt, dung”); cognate with Old Turkic 𐰉𐰸 (bok), Azerbaijani pox, Kazakh боқ (boq), Kyrgyz бок (bok), Tatar бук (buq) and Turkmen bok.

Noun

بوق • (bok) (definite accusative بوقی (boku), plural بوقلر (boklar))

1. feces, excrement, the digested waste material discharged from a mammal's stomach to the intestines

   Synonym: براز (beraz) (literary)

2. (vulgar) shit, poo, crap, dump, the solid excretory product evacuated from the bowels through defecation

   Synonyms: پیسلك (pislik), مردارلق (murdarlık)

3. scoria, slag, dross, the by-product that remains after the smelting and recycling of metal from an ore

Derived terms

• آری بوقی (arı boku, “bee's dung”)
• بورون بوقی (burun boku, “snot”)
• بوق بوجكی (bok böceği, “dung beetle”)
• بوق یمك (bok yemek, “to say something wrong”)
• بوقجه (bokca, “rubbish thing”)
• بوقجی (bokcu, “dealer in dung”)
• بوقلاشمق (boklaşmak, “to become soiled or befouled”)
• بوقلامق (boklamak, “to soil or befoul”)
• بوقلانمق (boklanmak, “to become soiled with dung”)
• بوقلق (bokluk, “morass, quagmire”)
• بوقلو (boklu, “mixed with dung or filth”)
• بوقنی چكمك (bokunu çekmek, “to suffer the consequences of an action”)
• دمیر بوقی (demir boku, “iron slag”)
• سیكك بوقی (sinek boku, “fly specks”)
• شیطان بوقی (şeytan boku, “asafoetida”)
• قاز بوقی (kaz boku, “a pale green color”)

 

Descendants

• Turkish: bok

Further reading

click to expand

• Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1881) “بوق”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume I, Paris: E. Leroux, page 338
• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “bok2”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 646
• Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “بوق”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎^[3], Vienna: F. Beck, page 133b
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “بوق”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[4], Constantinople: Mihran, page 290
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Stercus”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[5], Vienna, column 1595
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “بوق”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[6], Vienna, column 933
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “bok”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “بوق”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[7], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 405

Etymology 2

بوق

Borrowed from Arabic بُوق (būq, “trumpet”).

Noun

بوق • (buk) (definite accusative بوغی (buğu), plural بوقات (bukat))

1. trumpet, conch, a musical instrument historically used as signaling devices in battle or hunting

Descendants

• Turkish: buk

Further reading

click to expand

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “buk4”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 689
• Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “buk”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎^[8] (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 140
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Lituus”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[9], Vienna, column 962
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “بوق”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[10], Vienna, column 933
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “buk”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “بوق”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[11], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 405

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic بُوق (būq).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [buːq]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [buːq]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [buːq]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [buːq]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [buq]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [buːɢ̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [buq]

Readings
Classical reading?	būq
Dari reading?	būq
Iranian reading?	buğ
Tajik reading?	buq

• Audio (Iran):

  (file)

Noun

Dari	بوق
Iranian Persian
Tajik	буқ

بوق • (buq)

1. vehicle horn; klaxon

   بوق کشتی ― buq-e kašti ― ship horn

2. (archaic, original sense) trumpet; conch
   • c. 1060, Nāṣir-i Khusraw, Safarnāma [Book of Travels]‎^[12]:

     هر شب هزار مرد پاسبان این قصر باشند پانصد سوار و پانصد پیاده که از نماز شام بوق و دهل و کاسه می‌زنند و گردش می‌گردند تا روز.

     har šab hazār mard pāsbān-i īn qasr bāšand pānsad sawār u pānsad pīyāda ki az namāz-i šām būq u duhul u kāsa mē-zanand u gird-aš mē-girdand tā rōz.

     Every night, a thousand men stand guard in this castle, five hundred mounted and five hundred on foot. From the evening prayers on, they blow trumpets and beat drums and cymbals, and go around [the castle] until daybreak.

South Levantine Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic بُوق (būq).

Noun

بوق • (būʔ) m (plural أبواق (ʔabwāʔ))

1. trumpet