ترياق

Arabic

FWOTD – 27 December 2013

Alternative forms

• دِرْيَاق (diryāq), تِرْيَاقَة (tiryāqa)

Etymology

From Aramaic תִּירְיָיקָא / תִּרְיָיקָא / תִּירְיָאקָא / תִּרְיָאקָא (teryāqā), תִּירְיָיקִי / תִּרְיָיקִי / תִּירְיָקִי / תִּרְיָקִי (teryāqī) / ܬܸܪܝܲܩܹܐ / ܬܸܪܝܲܩܹܝ (teryaqē), from Ancient Greek θηριακή (thēriakḗ, “antidote”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tir.jaːq/

Noun

تِرْيَاق • (tiryāq) m (plural تَرَايِيق (tarāyīq))

1. antidote, counter-remedy, panacea, antitoxin, theriac, treacle

   Synonyms: شِيلْثَا (šīlṯā), مُضَادّ (muḍādd)

   • 7th century CE, Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, 36:215:

     إِنَّ فِي عَجْوَةِ العَالِيَةِ شِفَاءً أَوْ إِنَّهَا تِرْيَاقٌ أَوَّلَ البُكْرَةِ

     ʔinna fī ʕajwati l-ʕāliyati šifāʔan ʔaw ʔinnahā tiryāqun ʔawwala l-bukrati

     The pressed dates of Aliya contain healing effects and are an antidote in the early morning.

   • a. 1350, Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya, aṭ-ṭibb an-nabawī [The Prophetic Medicine]:

     بِغَمْسِ الذُّبَابِ فِي الطَّعَامِ إِذَا سَقَطَ فِيهِ لِأَجْلِ الشِّفَاءِ الَّذِي فِي جِنَاحِهِ، وَهُوَ كَالتِّريَاقِ لِلسُّمِّ

     biḡamsi ḏ-ḏubābi fī ṭ-ṭaʿāmi ʾiḏā saqaṭa fīhi li-ʾajli š-šifāʾi llaḏī fī jināḥihi, wahuwa ka-t-tiryāqi li-s-summi

     Dipping house flies in food if they fall in for the healing effects in their wings, which is like an antitoxin.

2. (poetic) alcohol, intoxicating drink

   Synonyms: عُقَار (ʕuqār), رَاح (rāḥ), نَبِيذ (nabīḏ), خَمْر (ḵamr), مُدَام (mudām)

Declension

Declension of noun تِرْيَاق (tiryāq)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	تِرْيَاق tiryāq	التِّرْيَاق at-tiryāq	تِرْيَاق tiryāq
Nominative	تِرْيَاقٌ tiryāqun	التِّرْيَاقُ at-tiryāqu	تِرْيَاقُ tiryāqu
Accusative	تِرْيَاقًا tiryāqan	التِّرْيَاقَ at-tiryāqa	تِرْيَاقَ tiryāqa
Genitive	تِرْيَاقٍ tiryāqin	التِّرْيَاقِ at-tiryāqi	تِرْيَاقِ tiryāqi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	تِرْيَاقَيْن tiryāqayn	التِّرْيَاقَيْن at-tiryāqayn	تِرْيَاقَيْ tiryāqay
Nominative	تِرْيَاقَانِ tiryāqāni	التِّرْيَاقَانِ at-tiryāqāni	تِرْيَاقَا tiryāqā
Accusative	تِرْيَاقَيْنِ tiryāqayni	التِّرْيَاقَيْنِ at-tiryāqayni	تِرْيَاقَيْ tiryāqay
Genitive	تِرْيَاقَيْنِ tiryāqayni	التِّرْيَاقَيْنِ at-tiryāqayni	تِرْيَاقَيْ tiryāqay
Plural	basic broken plural diptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	تَرَايِيق tarāyīq	التَّرَايِيق at-tarāyīq	تَرَايِيق tarāyīq
Nominative	تَرَايِيقُ tarāyīqu	التَّرَايِيقُ at-tarāyīqu	تَرَايِيقُ tarāyīqu
Accusative	تَرَايِيقَ tarāyīqa	التَّرَايِيقَ at-tarāyīqa	تَرَايِيقَ tarāyīqa
Genitive	تَرَايِيقَ tarāyīqa	التَّرَايِيقِ at-tarāyīqi	تَرَايِيقِ tarāyīqi

Derived terms

• تِرْيَاق كَبِير (tiryāq kabīr, “Venice treacle, theriaca magna”)

Descendants

• → Persian: تریاق (taryâq, teryâq) (archaic)

References

• “tryqˀ”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 262
• Shahîd, Irfan (2010) Byzantium and the Arabs in the Sixth Century. Volume II: Part 2: Economic, Social, and Cultural History, Washington D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, page 143