تنافس

See also: تناقش

Arabic

Etymology 1

Verb

تَنَافَسَ • (tanāfasa) VI (non-past يَتَنَافَسُ (yatanāfasu), verbal noun تَنَافُس (tanāfus))

1. (reciprocal, intransitive) to compete, to contend, to vie [with عَلَى (ʕalā) ‘for something’ or فِي (fī) ‘in something’]

   تَنَافَسُوا عَلَى ٱلْجَائِزَةِ.

   tanāfasū ʕalā l-jāʔizati.

   They competed for the prize.

   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 83:25-26:

     يُسْقَوْنَ مِن رَحِيقٍ مَخْتُومٍ خِتَامُهُ مِسْكٌ وَفِي ذَٰلِكَ فَلْيَتَنَافَسِ الْمُتَنَافِسُونَ

     yusqawna min raḥīqin maḵtūmin ḵitāmuhu miskun wafī ḏālika falyatanāfasi l-mutanāfisūna

     They will be given a drink of sealed, pure wine, whose last sip will smell like musk. So let whoever aspires to this strive ˹diligently˺.

Conjugation

    Conjugation of تَنَافَسَ (VI, sound, impersonal passive, verbal noun تَنَافُس)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						تَنَافُس tanāfus
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						مُتَنَافِس mutanāfis
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مُتَنَافَس mutanāfas
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	تَنَافَسْتُ tanāfastu	تَنَافَسْتَ tanāfasta	تَنَافَسَ tanāfasa		تَنَافَسْتُمَا tanāfastumā	تَنَافَسَا tanāfasā		تَنَافَسْنَا tanāfasnā	تَنَافَسْتُمْ tanāfastum	تَنَافَسُوا tanāfasū
	f		تَنَافَسْتِ tanāfasti	تَنَافَسَتْ tanāfasat			تَنَافَسَتَا tanāfasatā			تَنَافَسْتُنَّ tanāfastunna	تَنَافَسْنَ tanāfasna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَتَنَافَسُ ʔatanāfasu	تَتَنَافَسُ tatanāfasu	يَتَنَافَسُ yatanāfasu		تَتَنَافَسَانِ tatanāfasāni	يَتَنَافَسَانِ yatanāfasāni		نَتَنَافَسُ natanāfasu	تَتَنَافَسُونَ tatanāfasūna	يَتَنَافَسُونَ yatanāfasūna
	f		تَتَنَافَسِينَ tatanāfasīna	تَتَنَافَسُ tatanāfasu			تَتَنَافَسَانِ tatanāfasāni			تَتَنَافَسْنَ tatanāfasna	يَتَنَافَسْنَ yatanāfasna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَتَنَافَسَ ʔatanāfasa	تَتَنَافَسَ tatanāfasa	يَتَنَافَسَ yatanāfasa		تَتَنَافَسَا tatanāfasā	يَتَنَافَسَا yatanāfasā		نَتَنَافَسَ natanāfasa	تَتَنَافَسُوا tatanāfasū	يَتَنَافَسُوا yatanāfasū
	f		تَتَنَافَسِي tatanāfasī	تَتَنَافَسَ tatanāfasa			تَتَنَافَسَا tatanāfasā			تَتَنَافَسْنَ tatanāfasna	يَتَنَافَسْنَ yatanāfasna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَتَنَافَسْ ʔatanāfas	تَتَنَافَسْ tatanāfas	يَتَنَافَسْ yatanāfas		تَتَنَافَسَا tatanāfasā	يَتَنَافَسَا yatanāfasā		نَتَنَافَسْ natanāfas	تَتَنَافَسُوا tatanāfasū	يَتَنَافَسُوا yatanāfasū
	f		تَتَنَافَسِي tatanāfasī	تَتَنَافَسْ tatanāfas			تَتَنَافَسَا tatanāfasā			تَتَنَافَسْنَ tatanāfasna	يَتَنَافَسْنَ yatanāfasna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		تَنَافَسْ tanāfas			تَنَافَسَا tanāfasā				تَنَافَسُوا tanāfasū
	f		تَنَافَسِي tanāfasī							تَنَافَسْنَ tanāfasna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	—	—	تُنُوفِسَ tunūfisa		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	—	—	يُتَنَافَسُ yutanāfasu		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	—	—	يُتَنَافَسَ yutanāfasa		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	—	—	يُتَنَافَسْ yutanāfas		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—

Noun

تَنَافُس • (tanāfus) m

1. verbal noun of تَنَافَسَ (tanāfasa) (form VI)
2. competition

   التَنَافُسُ قُوَّةٌ دَافِعَةٌ تَحْفَّزُ الأَفْرَادَ عَلَى تَحْقِيقِ أَهْدَافِهِمْ وَتَطْوِيرِ مَهَارَاتِهِمْ.

   at-tanāfusu quwwatun dāfiʕatun taḥffazu l-ʔafrāda ʕalā taḥqīqi ʔahdāfihim wataṭwīri mahārātihim.

   Competition is a motivating force that encourages individuals to achieve their goals and develop their skills.

Declension

Declension of noun تَنَافُس (tanāfus)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	تَنَافُس tanāfus	التَّنَافُس at-tanāfus	تَنَافُس tanāfus
Nominative	تَنَافُسٌ tanāfusun	التَّنَافُسُ at-tanāfusu	تَنَافُسُ tanāfusu
Accusative	تَنَافُسًا tanāfusan	التَّنَافُسَ at-tanāfusa	تَنَافُسَ tanāfusa
Genitive	تَنَافُسٍ tanāfusin	التَّنَافُسِ at-tanāfusi	تَنَافُسِ tanāfusi

Etymology 2

Verb

تنافس (form III)

1. تُنَافِسُ (tunāfisu) /tu.naː.fi.su/: inflection of نَافَسَ (nāfasa):
   1. second-person masculine singular non-past active indicative
   2. third-person feminine singular non-past active indicative
2. تُنَافَسُ (tunāfasu) /tu.naː.fa.su/: inflection of نَافَسَ (nāfasa):
   1. second-person masculine singular non-past passive indicative
   2. third-person feminine singular non-past passive indicative
3. تُنَافِسَ (tunāfisa) /tu.naː.fi.sa/: inflection of نَافَسَ (nāfasa):
   1. second-person masculine singular non-past active subjunctive
   2. third-person feminine singular non-past active subjunctive
4. تُنَافَسَ (tunāfasa) /tu.naː.fa.sa/: inflection of نَافَسَ (nāfasa):
   1. second-person masculine singular non-past passive subjunctive
   2. third-person feminine singular non-past passive subjunctive
5. تُنَافِسْ (tunāfis) /tu.naː.fis/: inflection of نَافَسَ (nāfasa):
   1. second-person masculine singular non-past active jussive
   2. third-person feminine singular non-past active jussive
6. تُنَافَسْ (tunāfas) /tu.naː.fas/: inflection of نَافَسَ (nāfasa):
   1. second-person masculine singular non-past passive jussive
   2. third-person feminine singular non-past passive jussive