جفت
Arabic
editEtymology 1
editBorrowed from Classical Persian جفت (jaft).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editجَفْت • (jaft) m
- (obsolete, possibly only of بَلُّوط (ballūṭ, “acorn”)) grilled inner skin
- a. 1165, ابن التلميذ [Ibn al-Tilmīḏ], edited by Oliver Kahl, The Dispensatory of Ibn At-Tilmīḏ الأقراباذين الكبير (Islamic Philosophy, Theology and Science. Texts and Studies; 70), Leiden: Brill, published 2007, →ISBN, page 72 Nr. 80:
- سفوف ممسك للبول
سعد سنبل أسطوخوذس كندر قشار الكندر جفت البلوط مشوي أجزاء سواء يدق ويجمع ويتناول منه بالغدوات مثقال وآخر النهار مثقال- A powder which retains urine
Cyperus, Indian spikenard, French lavender, frankincense and the bark of its tree, and the grilled inner skins of acorn-cups in equal parts. (This) is pounded, brought together, and one miṯqāl from it is taken in the mornings and (again) at the end of the day.
- A powder which retains urine
Declension
editEtymology 2
edit
From Palestinian dialects, borrowed from Aramaic גיפתא (gip̄tā).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editجِفْت • (jift) m
Declension
editEtymology 3
editFrom Egyptian dialects, borrowed from Ottoman Turkish چفت (çift).
Alternative forms
edit- شِفْت (šift)
Pronunciation
editNoun
editجِفْت • (jift) m (plural جُفُوت (jufūt))
Declension
editSingular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | جِفْت jift |
الْجِفْت al-jift |
جِفْت jift |
Nominative | جِفْتٌ jiftun |
الْجِفْتُ al-jiftu |
جِفْتُ jiftu |
Accusative | جِفْتًا jiftan |
الْجِفْتَ al-jifta |
جِفْتَ jifta |
Genitive | جِفْتٍ jiftin |
الْجِفْتِ al-jifti |
جِفْتِ jifti |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | جِفْتَيْن jiftayn |
الْجِفْتَيْن al-jiftayn |
جِفْتَيْ jiftay |
Nominative | جِفْتَانِ jiftāni |
الْجِفْتَانِ al-jiftāni |
جِفْتَا jiftā |
Accusative | جِفْتَيْنِ jiftayni |
الْجِفْتَيْنِ al-jiftayni |
جِفْتَيْ jiftay |
Genitive | جِفْتَيْنِ jiftayni |
الْجِفْتَيْنِ al-jiftayni |
جِفْتَيْ jiftay |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | جُفُوت jufūt |
الْجُفُوت al-jufūt |
جُفُوت jufūt |
Nominative | جُفُوتٌ jufūtun |
الْجُفُوتُ al-jufūtu |
جُفُوتُ jufūtu |
Accusative | جُفُوتًا jufūtan |
الْجُفُوتَ al-jufūta |
جُفُوتَ jufūta |
Genitive | جُفُوتٍ jufūtin |
الْجُفُوتِ al-jufūti |
جُفُوتِ jufūti |
Persian
editEtymology 1
editFrom Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ywht /ǰuxt/), from Proto-Iranian *yuxtáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *yuktás, from Proto-Indo-European *yugtós. Doublet of یوغ (yuğ) and زوج (zowj).
Pronunciation
edit- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [d͡ʒuft]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [d͡ʒoft̪]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [d͡ʒuft̪]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | juft |
Dari reading? | juft |
Iranian reading? | joft |
Tajik reading? | juft |
- Rhymes: -oft (In Iran)
Noun
editجفت • (joft) (plural جفتها (joft-hâ))
- pair; couple
- Synonym: زوج (zowj)
- جفت جوراب ― joft-e jurâb ― pair of socks
- mate; partner
- even number
- yoke
- Synonym: یوغ (yuğ)
- Short for جفت جنین (joft-e janin, “placenta”).
Adjective
editجفت • (joft)
- with a matching pair; joined as a couple
- c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 27—28:
- با لب دمساز خود گر جفتمی
همچو نی من گفتنیها گفتمی
هر که او از هم زبانی شد جدا
بیزبان شد گر چه دارد صد نوا- bā lab-i damsāz-i xwad gar juft-amē
hamčō nay man guftanī-hā guftamē
har ki ō az ham zabānī šud judā
bē-zabān šud gar či dārad sad nawā - Were I joined to the lip of one in accord with me,
I too, like the reed, would tell all that may be told;
[But] whoever is parted from one who speaks his language
Becomes dumb, though he have a hundred songs.
- bā lab-i damsāz-i xwad gar juft-amē
- even (of numbers)
Derived terms
editDescendants
editEtymology 2
editUncertain. Regard Sanskrit चाप (cāpa, “bow; arc”), Persian چپ (čap, “left”), چپه (čape, “topped over”), Old Armenian ճապուկ (čapuk, “supple”), Sangisari, Semnani, Lasgerdi, Sorkhrudi Mazanderani چفت (čeft, “sheepfold”), Shahmirzadi چفت (čoft, “sheepfold”), Shughni чаг̌ (čaɣ̌, “reed”), Chagatai چیغ (çığ, “reed, any stiff steppe grass; a mat or screen from stiff grass and sticks used as a covering of tents”), also borrowed into Persian as چیق (čiq) and Russian чий (čij), and Classical Syriac ܓܦܬܐ (gəp̄ettā, “vine”) akin to Arabic جَفْنَة (jafna).
Alternative forms
editPronunciation
edit- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [d͡ʒaft]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [d͡ʒæft̪]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [d͡ʒäft̪]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | jaft |
Dari reading? | jaft |
Iranian reading? | jaft |
Tajik reading? | jaft |
Noun
editجفت • (jaft) (plural جفتها (jaft-hâ)) (obsolete)
- trellis, espalier
- a bunch of grapes
- roof, especially a bowed one
- inner skin, rind, bast (possibly only of بَلُّوط (balūt, “acorns”), because of their “cups”)
Adjective
editجفت • (jaft)
Further reading
edit- Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 404b
- Johnson, Francis (1852) “جفت”, in A Dictionary, Persian, Arabic, and English, London: Wm. H. Allen and Co., page 431b
- Monchi-Zadeh, Davoud (1990) Wörter aus Xurāsān und ihre Herkunft (Acta Iranica; 29)[1] (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, pages 34–35 Nr. 89
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “جفت”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul, page 364
- Vullers, Johann August (1855) “جفت”, in Lexicon Persico-Latinum etymologicum cum linguis maxime cognatis Sanscrita et Zendica et Pehlevica comparatum, e lexicis persice scriptis Borhâni Qâtiu, Haft Qulzum et Bahâri agam et persico-turcico Farhangi-Shuûrî confectum, adhibitis etiam Castelli, Meninski, Richardson et aliorum operibus et auctoritate scriptorum Persicorum adauctum[2] (in Latin), volume I, Gießen: J. Ricker, pages 518–519
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