جيش

See also: چیش, خیس, چىش, and جیش

Arabic

Etymology

Root
ج ي ش (j y š)
2 terms

Central Semitic isogloss with Aramaic גַּיָּיסָא (gayyāsā), ܓܝܣܐ (gaysā, “troop; band of raiders”), Hebrew גַּיִס (gáyis), גַּיָּיסָא (gayyāsā, “troop; band of invaders”), and Sabaean 𐩴𐩺𐩦 (gys²), 𐩴𐩦 (gs², “unit, detachment”), explained as a derivation from the base verb found in Arabic as جَاشَ (jāša, “to be excited, to be agitated, to storm, to rage”), which means in this context to heave or rise up suddenly, hence inciting troops to action, raise military forces, to muster or rally, to incite a war or raise up arms, and can be further related to Ge'ez ጌሰ (gesä, “to rise early”), ገይስ (gäys, “departure, journey particularly at the beginning of the day”). Can be borrowed from Aramaic into Arabic and Old South Arabian if this happened in a century before the Common Era, when Proto-Semitic ś was still distinguished in Aramaic, for which age this term must be imagined in any case.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d͡ʒajʃ/

• Audio:

  (file)

  • (Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ɡeːʃ/
  • (Morocco) IPA^(key): /ʒajʃ/, /ʒiːʃ/, (archaic) /ɡiːʃ/

Noun

جَيْش • (jayš) m (plural جُيُوش (juyūš))

1. verbal noun of جَاشَ (jāša)
2. an army, a military force

Declension

Declension of noun جَيْش (jayš)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	جَيْش jayš	الْجَيْش al-jayš	جَيْش jayš
Nominative	جَيْشٌ jayšun	الْجَيْشُ al-jayšu	جَيْشُ jayšu
Accusative	جَيْشًا jayšan	الْجَيْشَ al-jayša	جَيْشَ jayša
Genitive	جَيْشٍ jayšin	الْجَيْشِ al-jayši	جَيْشِ jayši
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	جَيْشَيْن jayšayn	الْجَيْشَيْن al-jayšayn	جَيْشَيْ jayšay
Nominative	جَيْشَانِ jayšāni	الْجَيْشَانِ al-jayšāni	جَيْشَا jayšā
Accusative	جَيْشَيْنِ jayšayni	الْجَيْشَيْنِ al-jayšayni	جَيْشَيْ jayšay
Genitive	جَيْشَيْنِ jayšayni	الْجَيْشَيْنِ al-jayšayni	جَيْشَيْ jayšay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	جُيُوش juyūš	الْجُيُوش al-juyūš	جُيُوش juyūš
Nominative	جُيُوشٌ juyūšun	الْجُيُوشُ al-juyūšu	جُيُوشُ juyūšu
Accusative	جُيُوشًا juyūšan	الْجُيُوشَ al-juyūša	جُيُوشَ juyūša
Genitive	جُيُوشٍ juyūšin	الْجُيُوشِ al-juyūši	جُيُوشِ juyūši

Descendants

• → Swahili: jeshi

References

• “gys²”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• Bauer, Hans (1915) “Kleine Mitteilungen”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft‎^[1] (in German), volume 69, page 566
• Corriente, Federico, Pereira, Christophe, Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017), Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 303
• Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 238
• Garosi, Eugenio (2022 December 1) “Regional Diversity in the Use of Administrative Loanwords in Early Islamic Arabic Documentary Sources (632–800 CE): A Preliminary Survey”, in Egypt and the Eastern Mediterranean World. From Constantinople to Baghdad, 500-1000 CE, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →DOI, →ISBN, page 416
• Lagarde, Paul de (1866) Gesammelte Abhandlungen (in German), Leipzig: F. A. Brockhaus, page 28
• Lane, Edward William (1863) “جيش”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[2], London: Williams & Norgate, pages 493-494
• Wehr, Hans (1979) “جيش”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Hijazi Arabic

Root
ج ي ش
1 term

Etymology

From Arabic جَيْش (jayš).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d͡ʒeːʃ/, [d͡ʒe̞ːʃ], [ʒe̞ːʃ]

Noun

جيش • (jēš) m (plural جيوش (juyūš))

1. an army, a military force