خدا

See also: جدا and حدا

Balti

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /χu.dɑː/, [χu.dɑː]

Noun

خُدَا (xudâ) (Tibetan script ཁུ༹་དཱ)

1. God

Baluchi

Noun

خدا • (xuda)

1. God, god

See also

• ہدا (huda)

Khalaj

Noun

خُدا (Xudâ) (definite accusative خُداݧ)

1. Arabic spelling of Xudâ (“God”)

Declension

    Declension of خدا

	singular
nominative	خدا
genitive	خداݧ
dative	خداقا
definite accusative	خداݧ
locative	خداچا
ablative	خدادا
instrumental	خدالا
equative	خداوارا

Laki

Noun

خدا (xda)

1. God, god

Moroccan Arabic

Root
ء خ د
3 terms

Etymology

From Arabic أَخَذَ (ʔaḵaḏa). Compare Maltese ħa.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /xda/

Verb

خدا • (ḵda) I (non-past ياخد (yāḵud))

1. Alternative spelling of خدى (ḵdā)

Persian

Alternative forms

• خدای (xudāy) (archaic)
• خداه/خذاه (xudāh/xuðāh)

Etymology

From earlier خدای (xudāy), from Middle Persian [script needed] (hwtʾy /⁠xwadāy⁠/, “lord”) (Manichaean Middle Persian 𐫑𐫇𐫅𐫀𐫏 (xwadāy)), with both religious and secular connotations. Rendered in Book Pahlavi as the ideogram [script needed] (MRA) (Aramaic 𐡌𐡍𐡀 (mnʾ /⁠mara⁠/), also meaning "lord"), ultimately from Proto-Iranian *hwatā́wā (“lord, god”).

Cognates with Avestan 𐬓𐬀𐬜𐬀𐬙𐬀 (xᵛaδata, “self-determined”) (in the sense of "not dependent on anything/anyone"), Bactrian χοαδηο (xoadēo, “lord”), Northern Kurdish xwedê and Central Kurdish خوا (xwa), Sanskrit स्वधा (svadhā́). Also related to خود (xod, “self”), خدیو (xadiv, “lord, master”), خاتون (xâtun, “lady, noblewoman”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [xu.ðɑː]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [xʊ.d̪ɑː]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [xʊ.d̪ɑː]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [xʊ.d̪ɑː]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [xu.d̪ɔː]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [xo.d̪ɒː]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [χu.d̪ɔ]

Readings
Classical reading?	xuḏā
Dari reading?	xudā
Iranian reading?	xodâ
Tajik reading?	xudo

• Audio (Iran):

  (file)

Noun

Dari	خدا
Iranian Persian
Tajik	Худо, худо

خُدا • (xodâ) (plural خدایان (xodâyân))

1. God (the singular divinity of monotheism)

   Synonyms: ایزد (izad), یزدان (yazdân), الله (allâh)

2. god, deity

   Synonym: اله (elâh)

3. (obsolete except as the second element of a compound) lord, patron, master, owner

Usage notes

• This is the normal word for "God" in Persian.

Inflection

Predicative forms of خدا (xodâ)
	singular	plural
1st person (“I am, we are”)	خدایم (xodâyam) خدام △ (xodâm)	خداییم (xodâyim)
2nd person (“you are”)	خدایی (xodâyi)	خدایید (xodâyid) خدایین △ (xodâyin)
3rd person (“he/she/it is, they are”)	خداست (xodâst) خداس، خدائه △ (xodâs, xodâe)	خدایند (xodâyand) خدان △ (xodân)
△ Colloquial.

Derived terms

• خدابنده (xodâbande)
• خداحافظ (xodâhâfez)
• خداحافظی (xodâhafezi)
• خداوند (xodâvand)
• خدایی (xodâyi)
• دهخدا (dehxodâ)
• کدخدا (kadxodâ)

 

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: xuda
• → Balti: ཁུ༹་དཱ (xu dā)
• → Bashkir: хоҙай (xoźay)
• → Bengali: খোদা (khōda)
• → Chagatai: خدا
  • Uyghur: خۇدا (xuda)
  • Uzbek: xudo
• ⇒ Chinese:

  → Dungan: хўда (hwda), Хўда (Hwda)

  → Mandarin: 胡大 (Húdà), 胡達 / 胡达 (Húdá) (often Lanyin and Central Plains)

• → Crimean Tatar: quday
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: ख़ुदा (xudā)

  • → Romani: xulay

  Urdu: خدا (xudā)

• → Kamassian: кхудай (kʰudaj) (indirectly)
• → Karakalpak: quday
• → Kazakh: құдай (qūdai)
• → Khakas: худай (xuday)
• → Khalaj: Xudâ
• → Kyrgyz: кудай (kuday)
• → Kumyk: худай (xuday)
• → Ottoman Turkish: خدا
  • Turkish: hüda
• → Punjabi:

  Gurmukhi script: ਖੁਦਾ (khudā)

  Shahmukhi script: خدا (xudā)

• → Southern Altai: кудай (kuday)
• → Shor: қудай
• → Tatar: ходай (xoday)
• → Turkmen: hudaý

References

• MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “xwadāy”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 95

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian خدا (xudā).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /xʊ.d̪ɑː/

• Audio (Pakistan):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɑː

Noun

خُدا • (xudā) m (Hindi spelling ख़ुदा)

1. God

   مخلوق میں خالق کا نظر آیا جس کو اس دیکھنے والے نے خدا کو دیکھا۔

   maxlūq mẽ xāliq kā nazar āyā jis ko us dekhne vāle ne xudā ko dekhā.

   Who has seen the creator in the creation, that observer has seen God.

2. god

   تمہارا یہ پتھر کا خدا کیا کر سکتا ہے؟

   tumhārā ye paththar kā xudā kyā kar saktā hai?

   What can this god of stone of yours do?

3. lord
4. master, owner
5. (figurative) husband

Synonyms

• (God): اللہ (allā, allāh), الٰہ (ilāh)
• ایشور (īśvar)

Derived terms

• خدا حافظ (xudā hāfiz)

References

• “خدا”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• “خدا”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
• Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “خدا”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.