See also: خوس, جوش, and حوش

Arabic

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Verb

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خَوَّشَ (ḵawwaša) II (non-past يُخَوِّشُ (yuḵawwišu), verbal noun تَخْوِيش (taḵwīš))

  1. to countersink
  2. to ream

Conjugation

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Gulf Arabic

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Etymology

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From Persian خوش (xoš).

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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خوش (ḵōš)

  1. (with a following noun) good, nice, pleasant.
    اهي خوش زوجة.
    ihya ḵōš zōja
    She’s a good wife.

Usage notes

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  • This is a prepositive adjective, and thus must come before the noun it modifies.

Interjection

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خوش (ḵōš)

  1. nice, good, OK, alright, awesome.
    - بنروح المخيم باچر
    - خوش!
    - We wanna go camping tomorrow.
    - Awesome!

Iraqi Arabic

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Etymology

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From Persian خوش (xoš).

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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خوش (ḵōšm or f

  1. (with a following noun) good; someone or something good
    هايه خوش سيارة
    hāya ḵōš sayyāra
    This is a good car.

Interjection

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خوش (ḵōš)

  1. nice, good, OK, alright, awesome.

Usage notes

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  • This is a prepositive adjective, and thus must come before the noun it modifies.

Synonyms

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North Mesopotamian Arabic

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Etymology

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From Persian خوش (xoš).

Adjective

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خوش (ḵōšm or f

  1. (with a following noun) good; someone or something good
    هذي خوش سيارة
    haðiːḵōš səj.jɑː.rə
    This is a good car.

Usage notes

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  • The sense is adjectival, but the construction is like that of a noun or pronoun.

Synonyms

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Persian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (xwš /⁠xʷaš⁠/, pleasant, sweet, nice), Manichaean Middle Persian 𐫟𐫇𐫢 (xwš /⁠xʷaš⁠/, pleasant, good), from Proto-Iranian. Cognate with Parthian 𐫇𐫟𐫢 (wxš /⁠wxaš⁠/, pleasant, sweet), Northern Kurdish xweş, Zazaki weş, Gurani [script needed] (wäš), Baluchi وش (waš(š)) and possibly Khotanese khaṣṣa- (pleasant). Doublet of وش (vaš).

The reconstruction of the Proto-Iranian form and its further relations are uncertain. Perhaps Proto-Iranian *hwarša-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *swarćša-, from Proto-Indo-European *swelḱs (taste (sweet)), and cognate with Jassic horz and Old Armenian քաղցր (kʻałcʻr).[1][2] An older proposal explains as Proto-Iranian *hw-aši-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hsu-Hákši (provided with beautiful sight, beautiful to the eye, or with a kind eye, literally good-eye).[3][4][5]

Pronunciation

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Readings
Classical reading? xwaš
Dari reading? xuš, xōš
Iranian reading? xoš
Tajik reading? xuš
  • Audio (Iran):(file)

Adjective

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Dari خوش
Iranian Persian
Tajik хуш

خوش (xoš) (comparative خوش‌تَر (xoš-tar), superlative خوش‌تَرین (xoš-tarin))

  1. happy
  2. pleasant

Inflection

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    Predicative forms of خوش (xoš)
singular plural
1st person
(“I am, we are”)
خوشم
(xošam)
خوشیم
(xošim)
2nd person
(“you are”)
خوشی
(xoši)
خوشید
(xošid)
خوشین
(xošin)
3rd person
(“he/she/it is, they are”)
خوش است
(xoš ast)
خوشه
(xoše)
خوشند
(xošand)
خوشن
(xošan)
Colloquial.

Derived terms

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Descendants

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References

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  1. ^ Gert, Klingenschmitt (2000) “Mittelpersisch”, in Bernhard Forssman, Robert Plath, editors, Indoarisch, Iranisch und die Indogermanistik: Arbeitstagung der Indogermanischen Gesellschaft vom 2. bis 5. Oktober 1997 in Erlangen (in German), Wiesbaden: Reichert, page 204
  2. ^ Korn, Agnes (2005) Towards a Historical Grammar of Balochi: Studies in Balochi Historical Phonology and Vocabulary (Beiträge zur Iranistik; 26)‎[1], Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, page 132
  3. ^ Müller, Friedrich (1891) “Bemerkungen über awestische, pahlawi und neupersische Etymologien”, in Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes[2] (in German), volume 5, page 352 of 348–356
  4. ^ Horn, Paul (1893) Grundriss der neupersischen Etymologie (in German), Strasbourg: K.J. Trübner, § 113, page 508
  5. ^ Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2007) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume III, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 415

Further reading

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Saraiki

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Classical Persian خوش (xʷuš, xʷaš).

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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خوش (xoś) (Devanagari ख़ुश)

  1. happy

Urdu

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Classical Persian خوش (xʷuš, xʷaš).

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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خوش (xuś) (indeclinable, Hindi spelling ख़ुश)

  1. happy
  2. content

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Further reading

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  • خوش”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
  • خوش”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
  • Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “خوش”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.

Uyghur

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Pronunciation

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Interjection

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خوش (xosh)

  1. goodbye
  NODES
eth 2
see 1