دوست

Baluchi

Etymology

Noun

دوست • (dost)

friend

Chagatai

Etymology

Derived from Classical Persian (dōst), from Middle Persian [script needed] (dwst' /⁠dōst⁠/), from Old Persian 𐎭𐎢𐏁𐎫𐎠 (d-u-š-t-a /⁠daušta⁠/).

Noun

دوست (dost) (plural دوستلار)

friend

Pashto

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian (dōst).

Noun

دوست • (dost) m (plural دوستان (dostân))

(obsolete, unfashionable) friend
Synonym: ملګری (mëlgëray)

Declension

declension of دوست

	singular	plural
direct	دوست (dost)	دوستان (dostân)
oblique I	دوست (dost)	دوستانو (dostâno)
oblique II	دوسته (dosta)	دوستانو (dostâno)
vocative	دوسته (dosta)	دوستانو (dostâno)

References

Raverty, H. G. (1867) “دوست”, in A dictionary of the Puk'hto, Pus'hto, or language of the Afghans: with remarks on the originality of the language, and its affinity to other oriental tongues, London: Williams & Nortgate

Persian

Etymology

Etymology tree

Old Persian 𐎭𐎢𐏁𐎫𐎠 (d-u-š-t-a)

Middle Persian 𐭣𐭥𐭮𐭲𐭩 (dʿsty)

Persian

Inherited from Middle Persian 𐭣𐭥𐭮𐭲𐭩 (dwst' /⁠dōst⁠/), from Old Persian 𐎭𐎢𐏁𐎫𐎠 (d-u-š-t-a /⁠dauštā⁠/, “friend, lover”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́awštā́ (one who loves), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵéws-tōr ~ *ǵus-tr-és. Cognate with Sanskrit जोष्टा (joṣṭā, “lover”).

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [doːst]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪oːst̪]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [d̪oːst̪]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [d̪ʊːst̪]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪uːst̪]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪ɵst̪]

Readings
Classical reading^?	dōst
Dari reading^?	dōst
Iranian reading^?	dust
Tajik reading^?	düst

Audio (Iran): (file)

Noun


Iranian Persian	دوست
Dari	دوست
Tajik	дӯст

دوسْت • (dust) (plural دوستان (dustân) or دوست‌ها (dust-hâ))

friend
Synonym: جورِه (jure)
- c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 1458:
  دوستان بین، کو نشان دوستان
  دوستان را رنج باشد همچو جان‏
  dōstān bīn, kū nišān-i dōstān
  dōstān rā ranj bāšad hamču jān
  See the friends! Where is the sign of (true) friends?
  To (true) friends pain is as (dear as) life.”

Inflection

Enclitic-attached forms of دوست (dust) (Iranian Persian)

Basic forms of دوست (dust)
	singular	plural
bare	دوست (dust)	دوست‌ها (dust-hấ) دوستا ^△ (dustấ)
definitive direct object	دوست را (dust râ) دوست رو ^△ (dusto)	دوست‌ها را (dust-hấ râ) دوستا رو ^△ (dustấ ro)
ezâfe	دوست (dust-e)	دوست‌های (dust-hấ-ye) دوستای ^△ (dustấ-ye)
marked indefinite or relative definite	دوستی (dust-i)	دوست‌هایی (dustấn-i, dust-hấ-i) دوستایی ^△ (dustấi)
^△ Colloquial.

Possessive forms of دوست (dust)
	singular	plural
1^st person singular (“my”)	دوستم (dustam)	دوست‌هایم (dust-hấyam) دوست‌هام، دوستام ^△ (dustấm)
2^nd person singular (“your”)	دوستت (dustat) [Term?] ^△ (dustet)	دوست‌هایت (dust-hấyat) دوست‌هات، دوستات ^△ (dustất)
3^rd person singular (“his, her, its”)	دوستش (dustaš) [Term?] ^△ (dusteš)	دوست‌هایش (dust-hấyaš) دوست‌هاش، دوستاش ^△ (dustấš)

1^st plural (“our”)	دوستمان (dustemân) دوستمون ^△ (dustemun)	دوست‌هایمان (dust-hấyemân) دوست‌هامون، دوستامون ^△ (dustấmun)
2^nd plural (“your”)	دوستتان (dustetân) دوستتون ^△ (dustetun)	دوست‌هایتان (dust-hấyetân) دوست‌هاتون، دوستاتون ^△ (dustấtun)
3^rd plural (“their”)	دوستشان (dustešân) دوستشون ^△ (dustešun)	دوست‌هایشان (dust-hấyešân) دوست‌هاشون، دوستاشون ^△ (dustấšun)
^△ Colloquial.

Enclitic-attached forms of دوست (dōst) (Dari Persian)

Basic forms of دوست (dōst) (Classical and Dari Persian)
	singular	plural
bare	دوست (dōst)	دوست‌ها (dōst-hā́)
definitive direct object	دوست را (dōst rā́) دوست ره ^△ (dōsta)	دوست‌ها را (dōst-hā́ rā́) دوستا ره ^△ (dōstā́ ra)
izāfa	دوست (dōst-i)	دوست‌های (dōst-hā́-yi) دوستای ^△ (dōstā́-yi)
marked indefinite / relative definite	دوستی (dōst-ē)	دوست‌هایی (dōstā́n-ē, dōst-hā́-ē) دوستایی ^△ (dōstā́-yē)
^△ Colloquial Dari.

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Possessive forms of دوست (dōst)
	singular	plural
1^st person singular (“my”)	دوستم (dōstam)	دوست‌هایم (dōst-hā́yam) دوستایم ^△ (dōstā́ym)
2^nd person singular (“your”)	دوستت (dōstat)	دوست‌هایت (dōst-hā́yat) دوستایت ^△ (dōstā́yt)
3^rd person singular (“his, her, its”)	دوستش (dōstaš) دوستشِی ^△ (dōstšī)	دوست‌هایش (dōst-hā́yaš) دوستایش ^△ (dōstā́yš)

1^st plural (“our”)	دوستمان (dōstimān) دوستما ^△ (dōstimā)	دوست‌هایمان (dōst-hā́yimān) دوستایما ^△ (dōstā́ymā)
2^nd plural (“your”)	دوستتان (dōstitān)	دوست‌هایتان (dōst-hā́yitān) دوستایتان ^△ (dōstā́ytān)
3^rd plural (“their”)	دوستشان (dōstišān)	دوست‌هایشان (dōst-hā́yišān) دوستایشان ^△ (dōstā́yšān)
^△ Colloquial.

Derived terms

دوسْت دَاشْتَن (dust dâštan)
دوسْتانِه (dustâne)
دوسْتی (dusti)
دوستکام (dustkâm)

Descendants

→ Armenian: դոստ (dost)
→ Azerbaijani: dost
→ Baluchi: دوست (dost)
→ Bashkir: дуҫ (duś)
→ Bengali: দোস্ত (dōsto)
→ Crimean Tatar: dost
→ Dongxiang: dosi
→ Gujarati: દોસ્ત (dost)
→ Hindi: दोस्त (dost)
- → Telugu: దోస్తు (dōstu)
→ Georgian: დოსტი (dosṭi)
→ Kazakh: дос (dos)
→ Northern Kurdish: dost
→ Kyrgyz: дос (dos)
→ Malayalam: ദോസ്ത് (dōstŭ)
→ Mandarin: 朵斯提 (duǒsītí)
→ Pashto: دوست (dost)
→ Punjabi: ਦੋਸਤ (dosat), دوست (dost)
→ Turkish: dost
→ Urdu: دوسْت (dost)
→ Uyghur: دوست (dost)
→ Uzbek: doʻst
→ Zazaki: dost

Urdu

Urdu Wikipedia has an article on:

دوست

Wikipedia ^ur

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian (dōst), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵews- (“to taste, to try”).

Pronunciation

(Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /d̪oːst̪/
Rhymes: -oːst̪

Noun

دوسْت • (dost) m (Hindi spelling दोस्त)

friend
Synonyms: یار (yār), مِتْر (mitr)

Declension

Declension of دوست
	singular	plural
direct	دوست (dost)	دوست (dost)
oblique	دوست (dost)	دوستوں (dostõ)
vocative	دوست (dost)	دوستو (dosto)

Related terms

دوسْتی (dostī, “friendship”)
سَہیلی (sahelī, “female friend”)

References

“دوست”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
“دوست”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.

Uyghur

Other scripts
Perso-Arabic	دوست
Latin	‍dost‍
Cyrillic	дост

Etymology

From Chagatai دوست, from Classical Persian (dōst), from Middle Persian [script needed] (dwst' /⁠dōst⁠/), from Old Persian 𐎭𐎢𐏁𐎫𐎠 (d-u-š-t-a /⁠daušta⁠/).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /dost/

Noun

دوست • (dost) (plural دوستلار (dostlar))

friend
Synonyms: ئاداش (adash), ئاغىنە (aghine), ئۈلپەت (ülpet)

دۈشمەننىڭ دۈشمىنى دوست.
düshmenning düshmini dost.
An enemy of an enemy is a friend.

Usage notes

دوست (dost) is the regular term for a friend, while ئاداش (adash) refers to close friends. However, ئاداش (adash) should be used to strangers to show politeness. ئاغىنە (aghine) is used for contemporaries, while ئۈلپەت (ülpet) refers to companions at work, or whom one is collaborating with.