دیوار

Central Kurdish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /diːwaːɾ/

Noun

Northern Kurdish	dîwar

دیوار (dîwar)

1. wall

Khalaj

Noun

دیوار (duvâr) (definite accusative دیوارؽ, plural دیوارلار)

1. Arabic spelling of duvâr (“wall”)

Declension

Declension of دیوار

	singular	plural
nominative	دیوار	دیوارلار
genitive	دیوارؽݧ	دیوارلارؽݧ
dative	دیوارقا	دیوارلارقا
definite accusative	دیوارؽ	دیوارلارؽ
locative	دیوارچا	دیوارلارچا
ablative	دیواردا	دیوارلاردا
instrumental	دیوارلا	دیوارلارلا
equative	دیواروارا	دیوارلاروارا

Ottoman Turkish

دیوار

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian دیوار (divâr, “wall”), from Middle Persian dywʾl (dēwār, “wall”).

Noun

دیوار • (duvar) (definite accusative دیواری (duvarı), plural دیوارلر (duvarlar))

1. wall, each of the substantial structures acting either as the exterior of or divisions within a structure

   Synonym: جدار (cidar)

2. wall, any structure built with stones, earth etc. built for defensive pruposes, surrounding a place

   Synonym: سور (sur)

Derived terms

• اورمه دیوار (örme duvar, “a built-up wall”)
• بغدادی دیوار (bağdadî duvar, “wall of lath and plaster”)
• بودور دیوار (bodur duvar, “low wall, parapet”)
• در و دیوار (der ve duvar, “a house, as a whole”, literally “door and wall”)
• درت دیوار آراسی (dört duvar arası, “captivity”, literally “the space inside four walls”)
• دیوار آردی (duvar ardı, “coward”, literally “the back of a wall”)
• دیوار اورمك (duvar örmek, “to build a wall”)
• دیوار چكمك (duvar çekmek, “to wall up”)
• دیوار یاران (duvar yaran, “Satan, the Devil”, literally “wall cleaver”)
• دیوارجی (duvarcı, “mason, bricklayer”)
• دیوارسز (duvarsız, “unwalled”)
• دیوارلاتمق (duvarlatmak, “to make or let be walled”)
• دیوارلامق (duvarlamak, “to enclose with walls”)
• دیوارلانمق (duvarlanmak, “to be walled up”)
• دیوارلو (duvarlı, “walled”)
• دیوارچه (divarçe, “little wall”)
• شاه دیوار (şah duvar, “bearing wall”)
• صور دیوار (sur duvar, “solid wall”)
• قلعه دیواری (kalʼe duvarı, “rampart”)
• قورو دیوار (kuru duvar, “bare wall”)

 

Descendants

• Turkish: duvar
• → Bulgarian: дува́р (duvár)
• → Greek: ντουβάρι (ntouvári)
• → Macedonian: дувар (duvar)
• → Serbo-Croatian:
  • Cyrillic script: ду̏ва̄р
  • Latin script: dȕvār

Further reading

• Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1881) “دیوار”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume I, Paris: E. Leroux, page 785
• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “duvar”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1314
• Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “دیوار”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎^[1], Vienna: F. Beck, page 240b
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “دیوار”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[2], Constantinople: Mihran, page 601
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Murus”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[3], Vienna, column 1106
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “دیوار”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[4], Vienna, column 2219
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “duvar”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “دیوار”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[5], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 940

Persian

Alternative forms

• دیوال (divâl) (dialectal, Tehrani)
• دیفال (difâl) (dialectal, Isfahan)

Etymology

From Middle Persian dywʾl (dēwār, “wall”). Compare Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬉𐬰𐬀 (daēza, “wall”), Ancient Greek τεῖχος (teîkhos, “wall, fortifications”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [deː.ˈwɑːɾ], [diː.ˈwɑːɾ]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪eː.wɑ́ːɾ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪eː.wɑ́ːɾ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [d̪eː.wɑ́ːɾ]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [d̪eː.wɔ́ːɾ]

 

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪iː.vɒ́ːɹ]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪iː.vɒ́ːɹ]
  • (Tehrani) IPA^(key): [d̪iː.vɒ́ːl̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪e.vɔ́ɾ]

Readings
Classical reading?	dēwār, dīwār
Dari reading?	dēwār
Iranian reading?	divâr
Tajik reading?	devor

• (Isfahan) IPA^(key): /diːˈfɒ́ːl/

• Audio (Iran):

  (file)

Noun

Dari	دیوار
Iranian Persian
Tajik	девор

دیوار • (divâr) (plural دیوارها (divâr-hâ))

1. wall
   • c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 214:

     گرچه دیوار افکند سایه‌‌ی دراز
     باز گردد سوی او آن سایه باز

     garči dēwār afkand sāya-yi darāz
     bāz gardad sōy-i ō ān sāya bāz

     Although the wall casts a long shadow, yet at last the shadow turns back again towards it [as the sun moves].

Derived terms

• دیوار کوتاه (divâr kutâh, “helpless person”, literally “low wall”)
• دیواره (divâre, “rim”)
• دیواری (divâri, “wall-related”)

 

Descendants

• Dari: دیوار (dēwār), دیوال (dēwāl)
• Iranian Persian: دیوار (divâr)
• Tajik: девор (devor)
• → Assamese: দেৱাল (dewal)
• → Azerbaijani: divar
• → Bashkir: диуар (diwar)
• → Gujarati: દિવાલ (divāl), દીવાલ (dīvāl)
• → Hindustani:
  • Hindi: दीवार (dīvār)
  • Urdu: دیوار (dīvār, dīwār)
• → Kazakh: дуал (dual)
• → Khalaj: duvâr
• → Middle Bengali: দেওয়ার (deōẇar)
  • Bengali: দেওয়াল (deōẇal)
• → Odia: ଦେୱାଲ (dēwālå)
• → Ottoman Turkish: دیوار (duvar)
  • Turkish: duvar
  • → Bulgarian: дува́р (duvár)
  • → Greek: ντουβάρι (ntouvári)
  • → Macedonian: дувар (duvar)
  • → Serbo-Croatian:
    • Cyrillic script: ду̏ва̄р
    • Latin script: dȕvār
• → Punjabi: ਦੀਵਾਰ (dīvār), دیوار (dīvār, dīwār)

References

• MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “dēwār”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 26
• Miller, Corey, Livingston, Jace, Vinson, Mark, Triebwasser Prado, Thomas (2014) Persian Dialects: As Spoken in Iran‎^[6], University of Maryland Center for Advanced Study of Language, page 14: “Peisikov (1960, section 25) notes several words with /r/ in the standard language that can be pronounced with /l/ in Tehrani: دیوار 'wall' /dival/, برق 'electricity' /bälɣ/, سوراخ 'hole' /sulax/.”

Punjabi

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian دیوار (dīwār).

Noun

دِیْوَار • (dīvār) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਦੀਵਾਰ)

1. wall

   Synonym: کَنْدھ (kandh)

Declension

Declension of دیوار
dir. sg.	دِیْوَار (dīvār)
dir. pl.	دِیْوَاراں (dīvārāṉ)
	singular	plural
direct	دِیْوَار (dīvār)	دِیْوَاراں (dīvārāṉ)
oblique	دِیْوَار (dīvār)	دِیْوَاراں (dīvārāṉ)
vocative	دِیْوَارے (dīvāre)	دِیْوَارو (dīvāro)
ablative	دِیْوَاروں (dīvāroṉ)	دِیْوَاراں (dīvārāṉ)
locative	دِیْوَاری (dīvārī)	دِیْوَارِیں (dīvārīṉ)
instrumental	دِیْوَارِیں (dīvārīṉ)	دِیْوَارے (dīvāre)

Further reading

• Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002) “دیوار”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat‎ (in Punjabi), Lahore: ʻAzīz Pablisharz
• “ਦੀਵਾਰ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2024

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian دیوار (dīwār), from Middle Persian dywʾl (dēwār). Cognate to Punjabi دیوار (dīvār).

Noun

دیوار • (dīvār) f (Hindi spelling दीवार)

1. wall

Declension

Declension of دیوار
	singular	plural
direct	دیوار (dīvār)	دیوار (dīvār)
oblique	دیوار (dīvār)	دیواروں (dīvārõ)
vocative	دیوار (dīvār)	دیوارو (dīvāro)