زوج

See also: روح, روج, and روچ

Arabic

Etymology 1

From Aramaic זוגא (zawgā, “yoke, pair”), from Ancient Greek ζεῦγος (zeûgos, “yoke”) which was used in Greek for the yoke of marriage – now it forms a root ز و ج (z-w-j).

Root
ز و ج (z w j)
12 terms

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /zawd͡ʒ/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

زَوْج • (zawj) m (dual زَوْجَان (zawjān), plural أَزْوَاج (ʔazwāj))

1. one of a pair
2. spouse, mate, partner
   1. husband

      Synonym: بَعْل (baʕl)

      • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 58:1:

        قَدْ سَمِعَ ٱللَّٰهُ قَوْلَ ٱلَّتِي تُجَادِلُكَ فِي زَوْجِهَا وَتَشْتَكِي إِلَى ٱللَّٰهِ وَٱللَّٰهُ يَسْمَعُ تَحَاوُرَكُمَا إِنَّ ٱللَّٰهَ سَمِيعٌ بَصِيرٌ

        qad samiʕa llāhu qawla llatī tujādiluka fī zawjihā wataštakī ʔilā llāhi wal-lāhu yasmaʕu taḥāwurakumā ʔinna llāha samīʕun baṣīrun

        God has certainly heard the speech of her who pleads with you about her husband and complains to God. God hears the conversation between the two of you.

   2. (feminine) wife
      • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 20:117:

        فَقُلْنَا يَا آدَمُ إِنَّ هَٰذَا عَدُوٌّ لَّكَ وَلِزَوْجِكَ فَلَا يُخْرِجَنَّكُمَا مِنَ ٱلْجَنَّةِ فَتَشْقَىٰ

        faqulnā yā ʔādamu ʔinna hāḏā ʕaduwwun laka walizawjika falā yuḵrijannakumā mina l-jannati fatašqā

        We said, “O Adam! This is indeed an enemy of yours and your mate’s. So do not let him expel you from paradise, or you will be miserable.”

      Synonyms: زَوْجَة (zawja), اِمْرَأَة (imraʔa), قَرِينَة (qarīna)

3. (often in the dual) a pair or couple

   هُمَا زَوْجَانِ

   humā zawjāni

   They two are a pair or couple.

4. (now rare) kind, type
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 56:4-10:

     إِذَا رُجَّتِ الْأَرْضُ رَجًّا وَبُسَّتِ الْجِبَالُ بَسًّا فَكَانَتْ هَبَاءً مُّنْبَثًّا وَكُنتُمْ أَزْوَاجًا ثَلَاثَةً فَأَصْحَابُ الْمَيْمَنَةِ مَا أَصْحَابُ الْمَيْمَنَةِ وَأَصْحَابُ الْمَشْأَمَةِ مَا أَصْحَابُ الْمَشْأَمَةِ وَالسَّابِقُونَ السَّابِقُونَ

     When the earth is shaken with convulsion / And the mountains are crushed, crumbling / And become dust dispersing / And ye become of three kinds: Then the companions of the right – what are the companions of the right? And the companions of the left – what are the companions of the left? And the forerunners, the forerunners!

Declension

Declension of noun زَوْج (zawj)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	زَوْج zawj	الزَّوْج az-zawj	زَوْج zawj
Nominative	زَوْجٌ zawjun	الزَّوْجُ az-zawju	زَوْجُ zawju
Accusative	زَوْجًا zawjan	الزَّوْجَ az-zawja	زَوْجَ zawja
Genitive	زَوْجٍ zawjin	الزَّوْجِ az-zawji	زَوْجِ zawji
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	زَوْجَيْن zawjayn	الزَّوْجَيْن az-zawjayn	زَوْجَيْ zawjay
Nominative	زَوْجَانِ zawjāni	الزَّوْجَانِ az-zawjāni	زَوْجَا zawjā
Accusative	زَوْجَيْنِ zawjayni	الزَّوْجَيْنِ az-zawjayni	زَوْجَيْ zawjay
Genitive	زَوْجَيْنِ zawjayni	الزَّوْجَيْنِ az-zawjayni	زَوْجَيْ zawjay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَزْوَاج ʔazwāj	الْأَزْوَاج al-ʔazwāj	أَزْوَاج ʔazwāj
Nominative	أَزْوَاجٌ ʔazwājun	الْأَزْوَاجُ al-ʔazwāju	أَزْوَاجُ ʔazwāju
Accusative	أَزْوَاجًا ʔazwājan	الْأَزْوَاجَ al-ʔazwāja	أَزْوَاجَ ʔazwāja
Genitive	أَزْوَاجٍ ʔazwājin	الْأَزْوَاجِ al-ʔazwāji	أَزْوَاجِ ʔazwāji

Derived terms

• زَوْجَة (zawja, “wife”)
• زَوْجِيّ (zawjiyy)

Descendants

• Moroccan Arabic: جوج (jūj), زوج (zūj)
• Tunisian Arabic: زوز (zūz)
• Maltese: żewġ
• → Azerbaijani: zövc
• → Bengali: জওজ (zôuj)
• → Ottoman Turkish: زوج (zevc)
  • → Turkish: zevç
• → Persian: زوج (zowj)
• → Uzbek: zavj

Etymology 2

Denominal verb derived from زَوْج (zawj, “pair”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /zaw.wa.d͡ʒa/

Verb

زَوَّجَ • (zawwaja) II (non-past يُزَوِّجُ (yuzawwiju), verbal noun تَزْوِيج (tazwīj))

1. (ditransitive) to marry off, to give in marriage
2. to pair, to couple, to join in pairs
3. to double, to geminate

Conjugation

    Conjugation of زَوَّجَ (II, sound, full passive, verbal noun تَزْوِيج)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						تَزْوِيج tazwīj
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						مُزَوِّج muzawwij
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مُزَوَّج muzawwaj
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	زَوَّجْتُ zawwajtu	زَوَّجْتَ zawwajta	زَوَّجَ zawwaja		زَوَّجْتُمَا zawwajtumā	زَوَّجَا zawwajā		زَوَّجْنَا zawwajnā	زَوَّجْتُمْ zawwajtum	زَوَّجُوا zawwajū
	f		زَوَّجْتِ zawwajti	زَوَّجَتْ zawwajat			زَوَّجَتَا zawwajatā			زَوَّجْتُنَّ zawwajtunna	زَوَّجْنَ zawwajna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُزَوِّجُ ʔuzawwiju	تُزَوِّجُ tuzawwiju	يُزَوِّجُ yuzawwiju		تُزَوِّجَانِ tuzawwijāni	يُزَوِّجَانِ yuzawwijāni		نُزَوِّجُ nuzawwiju	تُزَوِّجُونَ tuzawwijūna	يُزَوِّجُونَ yuzawwijūna
	f		تُزَوِّجِينَ tuzawwijīna	تُزَوِّجُ tuzawwiju			تُزَوِّجَانِ tuzawwijāni			تُزَوِّجْنَ tuzawwijna	يُزَوِّجْنَ yuzawwijna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُزَوِّجَ ʔuzawwija	تُزَوِّجَ tuzawwija	يُزَوِّجَ yuzawwija		تُزَوِّجَا tuzawwijā	يُزَوِّجَا yuzawwijā		نُزَوِّجَ nuzawwija	تُزَوِّجُوا tuzawwijū	يُزَوِّجُوا yuzawwijū
	f		تُزَوِّجِي tuzawwijī	تُزَوِّجَ tuzawwija			تُزَوِّجَا tuzawwijā			تُزَوِّجْنَ tuzawwijna	يُزَوِّجْنَ yuzawwijna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُزَوِّجْ ʔuzawwij	تُزَوِّجْ tuzawwij	يُزَوِّجْ yuzawwij		تُزَوِّجَا tuzawwijā	يُزَوِّجَا yuzawwijā		نُزَوِّجْ nuzawwij	تُزَوِّجُوا tuzawwijū	يُزَوِّجُوا yuzawwijū
	f		تُزَوِّجِي tuzawwijī	تُزَوِّجْ tuzawwij			تُزَوِّجَا tuzawwijā			تُزَوِّجْنَ tuzawwijna	يُزَوِّجْنَ yuzawwijna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		زَوِّجْ zawwij			زَوِّجَا zawwijā				زَوِّجُوا zawwijū
	f		زَوِّجِي zawwijī							زَوِّجْنَ zawwijna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	زُوِّجْتُ zuwwijtu	زُوِّجْتَ zuwwijta	زُوِّجَ zuwwija		زُوِّجْتُمَا zuwwijtumā	زُوِّجَا zuwwijā		زُوِّجْنَا zuwwijnā	زُوِّجْتُمْ zuwwijtum	زُوِّجُوا zuwwijū
	f		زُوِّجْتِ zuwwijti	زُوِّجَتْ zuwwijat			زُوِّجَتَا zuwwijatā			زُوِّجْتُنَّ zuwwijtunna	زُوِّجْنَ zuwwijna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُزَوَّجُ ʔuzawwaju	تُزَوَّجُ tuzawwaju	يُزَوَّجُ yuzawwaju		تُزَوَّجَانِ tuzawwajāni	يُزَوَّجَانِ yuzawwajāni		نُزَوَّجُ nuzawwaju	تُزَوَّجُونَ tuzawwajūna	يُزَوَّجُونَ yuzawwajūna
	f		تُزَوَّجِينَ tuzawwajīna	تُزَوَّجُ tuzawwaju			تُزَوَّجَانِ tuzawwajāni			تُزَوَّجْنَ tuzawwajna	يُزَوَّجْنَ yuzawwajna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُزَوَّجَ ʔuzawwaja	تُزَوَّجَ tuzawwaja	يُزَوَّجَ yuzawwaja		تُزَوَّجَا tuzawwajā	يُزَوَّجَا yuzawwajā		نُزَوَّجَ nuzawwaja	تُزَوَّجُوا tuzawwajū	يُزَوَّجُوا yuzawwajū
	f		تُزَوَّجِي tuzawwajī	تُزَوَّجَ tuzawwaja			تُزَوَّجَا tuzawwajā			تُزَوَّجْنَ tuzawwajna	يُزَوَّجْنَ yuzawwajna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُزَوَّجْ ʔuzawwaj	تُزَوَّجْ tuzawwaj	يُزَوَّجْ yuzawwaj		تُزَوَّجَا tuzawwajā	يُزَوَّجَا yuzawwajā		نُزَوَّجْ nuzawwaj	تُزَوَّجُوا tuzawwajū	يُزَوَّجُوا yuzawwajū
	f		تُزَوَّجِي tuzawwajī	تُزَوَّجْ tuzawwaj			تُزَوَّجَا tuzawwajā			تُزَوَّجْنَ tuzawwajna	يُزَوَّجْنَ yuzawwajna

References

• Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 106
• Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 303
• Jeffery, Arthur (1938) The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, pages 154–155
• Wehr, Hans (1979) “زوج”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
• Lane, Edward William (1863) “زوج”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[1], London: Williams & Norgate

Hijazi Arabic

Root
ز و ج
3 terms

Etymology 1

From Arabic زَوْج (zawj).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /zoːd͡ʒ/, [zo̞ːd͡ʒ], [zo̞ːʒ]

Noun

زوج • (zōj) m (plural أزواج (ʔazwāj))

1. husband

   Synonym: (rare) جوز (jōz)

Etymology 2

From Arabic زَوَّجَ (zawwaja).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /zaw.wad͡ʒ/, [zaw.wad͡ʒ], [zaw.waʒ]

Verb

زَوَّج • (zawwaj) II (non-past يِزَوِّج (yizawwij))

1. (ditransitive) to marry off, to give in marriage

   Synonym: (rare) جَوَّز (jawwaz)

Conjugation

Conjugation of زوج (zawwaj)
		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	زوجت (zawwajt)	زوجت (zawwajt)	زوج (zawwaj)		زوجنا (zawwajna)	زوجتوا (zawwajtu)	زوجوا (zawwaju)
	f		زوجتي (zawwajti)	زوجت (zawwajat)
non-past	m	أزوج (ʔazawwij)	تزوج (tizawwij)	يزوج (yizawwij)		نزوج (nizawwij)	تزوجوا (tizawwiju)	يزوجوا (yizawwiju)
	f		تزوجي (tizawwiji)	تزوج (tizawwij)
imperative	m		زوج (zawwij)				زوجوا (zawwiju)
	f		زوجي (zawwiji)

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic زَوْج (zawj, “one of a pair”).

Noun

زوج • (zevc) (plural ازواج (ezvac))

1. (originally) mate, one of a pair, a single thing of a couple

   Synonyms: اش (eş), چفت (çift)

2. spouse, a person in a marriage or marital relationship

   Synonyms: اش (eş), عرس (ʼırs)

3. pair, couple, a set of two similar things taken together

   Synonym: چفت (çift)

4. couple, two partners in a romantic or sexual relationship

   Synonym: چفت (çift)

5. (mathematics) even number, an integer that is divisible by two

Descendants

• Turkish: zevç

Further reading

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “zevc”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 5461
• Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “zevc”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎^[2] (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 1423
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “زوج”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[3], Constantinople: Mihran, page 650
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Par”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[4], Vienna, column 1239
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “زوج”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[5], Vienna, column 2481
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “zevç”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “زوج”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[6], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1018

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic زَوْج (zawj). Doublet of یوغ (joğ, juğ, “yoke”), also related to جُفت (joft).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [zawd͡ʒ]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [zäwd͡ʒ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [zäwd͡ʒ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [zäwd͡ʒ]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [zäwd͡ʒ̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [zowd͡ʒ̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [zäwd͡ʒ]

Readings
Classical reading?	zawj
Dari reading?	zawj
Iranian reading?	zowj
Tajik reading?	zavj

Noun

Dari	زَوج
Iranian Persian	زُوج
Tajik	завҷ

زُوج • (zowj)

1. couple, pair

   Synonym: جُفت (joft)

2. spouse, mate, partner

   Synonym: هَمسَر (hamsar)

3. even number

   Antonym: فَرد (fard)

4. (of days of the week) of which the Persian-language name begins with an even number

   Antonym: فَرد (fard)

   Hyponyms: شَنبه (šanbe, “Saturday”), دوشَنبه (došanbe, “Monday”), چَهارشَنبه (čahâršambe, “Wednesday”)

South Levantine Arabic

Root
ز و ج
2 terms

Etymology 1

From Arabic زَوَّجَ (zawwaja).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /zaw.waʒ/, [ˈzaw.waʒ]

• Audio (al-Lidd):

  (file)

Verb

زوّج • (zawwaj) II (present بزوّج (bizawwej))

1. (transitive) to marry

   Synonym: أهّل (ʔahhal)

Conjugation

Conjugation of زوّج (zawwaj)
		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	زوّجت (zawwajt)	زوّجت (zawwajt)	زوّج (zawwaj)		زوّجنا (zawwajna)	زوّجتو (zawwajtu)	زوّجو (zawwaju)
	f		زوّجتي (zawwajti)	زوّجت (zawwajat)
present	m	بزوّج (bazawwej)	بتزوّج (bitzawwej)	بزوّج (bizawwej)		منزوّج (minzawwej)	بتزوّجو (bitzawwju)	بزوّجو (bizawwju)
	f		بتزوّجي (bitzawwji)	بتزوّج (bitzawwej)
subjunctive	m	ازوّج (azawwej)	تزوّج (tzawwej)	يزوّج (yzawwej)		نزوّج (nzawwej)	تزوّجو (tzawwju)	يزوّجو (yzawwju)
	f		تزوّجي (tzawwji)	تزوّج (tzawwej)
imperative	m		زوّج (zawwej)				زوّجو (zawwju)
	f		زوّجي (zawwji)

Etymology 2

Learned borrowing from Arabic زَوْج (zawj).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /zoːʒ/, [zoːʒ]

• Audio (Ramallah):

  (file)

Noun

زوج • (zōj) m (plural أزواج (ʔazwāj), feminine زوجة (zōje))

1. couple
2. husband

   Synonym: جوز (jōz)