سخن

Arabic

Etymology 1.1

From the root س خ ن (s-ḵ-n). Compare Aramaic שחן.

Pronunciation

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Verb

سَخُنَ or سَخَنَ • (saḵuna or saḵana) I (non-past يَسْخُنُ (yasḵunu), verbal noun سُخُونَة (suḵūna) or سَخَانَة (saḵāna))
سَخِنَ • (saḵina) I (non-past يَسْخَنُ (yasḵanu), verbal noun سَخَن (saḵan) or سُخْنَة (suḵna))

1. to be hot, to become hot
2. to be ill, to become ill

Conjugation

    Conjugation of سَخُنَ, سَخَنَ (I, sound, u/a ~ u, no passive, verbal nouns سُخُونَة, سَخَانَة)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						سُخُونَة, سَخَانَة suḵūna, saḵāna
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						سَاخِن, سَخِين, سُخْن sāḵin, saḵīn, suḵn
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	سَخُنْتُ, سَخَنْتُ saḵuntu, saḵantu	سَخُنْتَ, سَخَنْتَ saḵunta, saḵanta	سَخُنَ, سَخَنَ saḵuna, saḵana		سَخُنْتُمَا, سَخَنْتُمَا saḵuntumā, saḵantumā	سَخُنَا, سَخَنَا saḵunā, saḵanā		سَخُنَّا, سَخَنَّا saḵunnā, saḵannā	سَخُنْتُمْ, سَخَنْتُمْ saḵuntum, saḵantum	سَخُنُوا, سَخَنُوا saḵunū, saḵanū
	f		سَخُنْتِ, سَخَنْتِ saḵunti, saḵanti	سَخُنَتْ, سَخَنَتْ saḵunat, saḵanat			سَخُنَتَا, سَخَنَتَا saḵunatā, saḵanatā			سَخُنْتُنَّ, سَخَنْتُنَّ saḵuntunna, saḵantunna	سَخُنَّ, سَخَنَّ saḵunna, saḵanna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَسْخُنُ ʔasḵunu	تَسْخُنُ tasḵunu	يَسْخُنُ yasḵunu		تَسْخُنَانِ tasḵunāni	يَسْخُنَانِ yasḵunāni		نَسْخُنُ nasḵunu	تَسْخُنُونَ tasḵunūna	يَسْخُنُونَ yasḵunūna
	f		تَسْخُنِينَ tasḵunīna	تَسْخُنُ tasḵunu			تَسْخُنَانِ tasḵunāni			تَسْخُنَّ tasḵunna	يَسْخُنَّ yasḵunna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَسْخُنَ ʔasḵuna	تَسْخُنَ tasḵuna	يَسْخُنَ yasḵuna		تَسْخُنَا tasḵunā	يَسْخُنَا yasḵunā		نَسْخُنَ nasḵuna	تَسْخُنُوا tasḵunū	يَسْخُنُوا yasḵunū
	f		تَسْخُنِي tasḵunī	تَسْخُنَ tasḵuna			تَسْخُنَا tasḵunā			تَسْخُنَّ tasḵunna	يَسْخُنَّ yasḵunna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَسْخُنْ ʔasḵun	تَسْخُنْ tasḵun	يَسْخُنْ yasḵun		تَسْخُنَا tasḵunā	يَسْخُنَا yasḵunā		نَسْخُنْ nasḵun	تَسْخُنُوا tasḵunū	يَسْخُنُوا yasḵunū
	f		تَسْخُنِي tasḵunī	تَسْخُنْ tasḵun			تَسْخُنَا tasḵunā			تَسْخُنَّ tasḵunna	يَسْخُنَّ yasḵunna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اُسْخُنْ usḵun			اُسْخُنَا usḵunā				اُسْخُنُوا usḵunū
	f		اُسْخُنِي usḵunī							اُسْخُنَّ usḵunna

    Conjugation of سَخِنَ (I, sound, i ~ a, no passive, verbal nouns سَخَن, سُخْنَة)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						سَخَن, سُخْنَة saḵan, suḵna
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						سَاخِن, سَخِين, سُخْن sāḵin, saḵīn, suḵn
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	سَخِنْتُ saḵintu	سَخِنْتَ saḵinta	سَخِنَ saḵina		سَخِنْتُمَا saḵintumā	سَخِنَا saḵinā		سَخِنَّا saḵinnā	سَخِنْتُمْ saḵintum	سَخِنُوا saḵinū
	f		سَخِنْتِ saḵinti	سَخِنَتْ saḵinat			سَخِنَتَا saḵinatā			سَخِنْتُنَّ saḵintunna	سَخِنَّ saḵinna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَسْخَنُ ʔasḵanu	تَسْخَنُ tasḵanu	يَسْخَنُ yasḵanu		تَسْخَنَانِ tasḵanāni	يَسْخَنَانِ yasḵanāni		نَسْخَنُ nasḵanu	تَسْخَنُونَ tasḵanūna	يَسْخَنُونَ yasḵanūna
	f		تَسْخَنِينَ tasḵanīna	تَسْخَنُ tasḵanu			تَسْخَنَانِ tasḵanāni			تَسْخَنَّ tasḵanna	يَسْخَنَّ yasḵanna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَسْخَنَ ʔasḵana	تَسْخَنَ tasḵana	يَسْخَنَ yasḵana		تَسْخَنَا tasḵanā	يَسْخَنَا yasḵanā		نَسْخَنَ nasḵana	تَسْخَنُوا tasḵanū	يَسْخَنُوا yasḵanū
	f		تَسْخَنِي tasḵanī	تَسْخَنَ tasḵana			تَسْخَنَا tasḵanā			تَسْخَنَّ tasḵanna	يَسْخَنَّ yasḵanna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَسْخَنْ ʔasḵan	تَسْخَنْ tasḵan	يَسْخَنْ yasḵan		تَسْخَنَا tasḵanā	يَسْخَنَا yasḵanā		نَسْخَنْ nasḵan	تَسْخَنُوا tasḵanū	يَسْخَنُوا yasḵanū
	f		تَسْخَنِي tasḵanī	تَسْخَنْ tasḵan			تَسْخَنَا tasḵanā			تَسْخَنَّ tasḵanna	يَسْخَنَّ yasḵanna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِسْخَنْ isḵan			اِسْخَنَا isḵanā				اِسْخَنُوا isḵanū
	f		اِسْخَنِي isḵanī							اِسْخَنَّ isḵanna

Etymology 1.2

Verb

سَخَّنَ • (saḵḵana) II (non-past يُسَخِّنُ (yusaḵḵinu), verbal noun تَسْخِين (tasḵīn))

1. (transitive) to heat

Conjugation

    Conjugation of سَخَّنَ (II, sound, full passive, verbal noun تَسْخِين)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						تَسْخِين tasḵīn
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						مُسَخِّن musaḵḵin
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مُسَخَّن musaḵḵan
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	سَخَّنْتُ saḵḵantu	سَخَّنْتَ saḵḵanta	سَخَّنَ saḵḵana		سَخَّنْتُمَا saḵḵantumā	سَخَّنَا saḵḵanā		سَخَّنَّا saḵḵannā	سَخَّنْتُمْ saḵḵantum	سَخَّنُوا saḵḵanū
	f		سَخَّنْتِ saḵḵanti	سَخَّنَتْ saḵḵanat			سَخَّنَتَا saḵḵanatā			سَخَّنْتُنَّ saḵḵantunna	سَخَّنَّ saḵḵanna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُسَخِّنُ ʔusaḵḵinu	تُسَخِّنُ tusaḵḵinu	يُسَخِّنُ yusaḵḵinu		تُسَخِّنَانِ tusaḵḵināni	يُسَخِّنَانِ yusaḵḵināni		نُسَخِّنُ nusaḵḵinu	تُسَخِّنُونَ tusaḵḵinūna	يُسَخِّنُونَ yusaḵḵinūna
	f		تُسَخِّنِينَ tusaḵḵinīna	تُسَخِّنُ tusaḵḵinu			تُسَخِّنَانِ tusaḵḵināni			تُسَخِّنَّ tusaḵḵinna	يُسَخِّنَّ yusaḵḵinna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُسَخِّنَ ʔusaḵḵina	تُسَخِّنَ tusaḵḵina	يُسَخِّنَ yusaḵḵina		تُسَخِّنَا tusaḵḵinā	يُسَخِّنَا yusaḵḵinā		نُسَخِّنَ nusaḵḵina	تُسَخِّنُوا tusaḵḵinū	يُسَخِّنُوا yusaḵḵinū
	f		تُسَخِّنِي tusaḵḵinī	تُسَخِّنَ tusaḵḵina			تُسَخِّنَا tusaḵḵinā			تُسَخِّنَّ tusaḵḵinna	يُسَخِّنَّ yusaḵḵinna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُسَخِّنْ ʔusaḵḵin	تُسَخِّنْ tusaḵḵin	يُسَخِّنْ yusaḵḵin		تُسَخِّنَا tusaḵḵinā	يُسَخِّنَا yusaḵḵinā		نُسَخِّنْ nusaḵḵin	تُسَخِّنُوا tusaḵḵinū	يُسَخِّنُوا yusaḵḵinū
	f		تُسَخِّنِي tusaḵḵinī	تُسَخِّنْ tusaḵḵin			تُسَخِّنَا tusaḵḵinā			تُسَخِّنَّ tusaḵḵinna	يُسَخِّنَّ yusaḵḵinna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		سَخِّنْ saḵḵin			سَخِّنَا saḵḵinā				سَخِّنُوا saḵḵinū
	f		سَخِّنِي saḵḵinī							سَخِّنَّ saḵḵinna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	سُخِّنْتُ suḵḵintu	سُخِّنْتَ suḵḵinta	سُخِّنَ suḵḵina		سُخِّنْتُمَا suḵḵintumā	سُخِّنَا suḵḵinā		سُخِّنَّا suḵḵinnā	سُخِّنْتُمْ suḵḵintum	سُخِّنُوا suḵḵinū
	f		سُخِّنْتِ suḵḵinti	سُخِّنَتْ suḵḵinat			سُخِّنَتَا suḵḵinatā			سُخِّنْتُنَّ suḵḵintunna	سُخِّنَّ suḵḵinna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُسَخَّنُ ʔusaḵḵanu	تُسَخَّنُ tusaḵḵanu	يُسَخَّنُ yusaḵḵanu		تُسَخَّنَانِ tusaḵḵanāni	يُسَخَّنَانِ yusaḵḵanāni		نُسَخَّنُ nusaḵḵanu	تُسَخَّنُونَ tusaḵḵanūna	يُسَخَّنُونَ yusaḵḵanūna
	f		تُسَخَّنِينَ tusaḵḵanīna	تُسَخَّنُ tusaḵḵanu			تُسَخَّنَانِ tusaḵḵanāni			تُسَخَّنَّ tusaḵḵanna	يُسَخَّنَّ yusaḵḵanna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُسَخَّنَ ʔusaḵḵana	تُسَخَّنَ tusaḵḵana	يُسَخَّنَ yusaḵḵana		تُسَخَّنَا tusaḵḵanā	يُسَخَّنَا yusaḵḵanā		نُسَخَّنَ nusaḵḵana	تُسَخَّنُوا tusaḵḵanū	يُسَخَّنُوا yusaḵḵanū
	f		تُسَخَّنِي tusaḵḵanī	تُسَخَّنَ tusaḵḵana			تُسَخَّنَا tusaḵḵanā			تُسَخَّنَّ tusaḵḵanna	يُسَخَّنَّ yusaḵḵanna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُسَخَّنْ ʔusaḵḵan	تُسَخَّنْ tusaḵḵan	يُسَخَّنْ yusaḵḵan		تُسَخَّنَا tusaḵḵanā	يُسَخَّنَا yusaḵḵanā		نُسَخَّنْ nusaḵḵan	تُسَخَّنُوا tusaḵḵanū	يُسَخَّنُوا yusaḵḵanū
	f		تُسَخَّنِي tusaḵḵanī	تُسَخَّنْ tusaḵḵan			تُسَخَّنَا tusaḵḵanā			تُسَخَّنَّ tusaḵḵanna	يُسَخَّنَّ yusaḵḵanna

Etymology 1.3

Adjective

سُخْن • (suḵn) (feminine سُخْنَة (suḵna), elative أَسْخَن (ʔasḵan))

1. hot
2. warm

Declension

Declension of adjective سُخْن (suḵn)

Singular	Masculine		Feminine
	basic singular triptote		singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	سُخْن suḵn	السُّخْن as-suḵn	سُخْنَة suḵna	السُّخْنَة as-suḵna
Nominative	سُخْنٌ suḵnun	السُّخْنُ as-suḵnu	سُخْنَةٌ suḵnatun	السُّخْنَةُ as-suḵnatu
Accusative	سُخْنًا suḵnan	السُّخْنَ as-suḵna	سُخْنَةً suḵnatan	السُّخْنَةَ as-suḵnata
Genitive	سُخْنٍ suḵnin	السُّخْنِ as-suḵni	سُخْنَةٍ suḵnatin	السُّخْنَةِ as-suḵnati
Dual	Masculine		Feminine
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	سُخْنَيْن suḵnayn	السُّخْنَيْن as-suḵnayn	سُخْنَتَيْن suḵnatayn	السُّخْنَتَيْن as-suḵnatayn
Nominative	سُخْنَانِ suḵnāni	السُّخْنَانِ as-suḵnāni	سُخْنَتَانِ suḵnatāni	السُّخْنَتَانِ as-suḵnatāni
Accusative	سُخْنَيْنِ suḵnayni	السُّخْنَيْنِ as-suḵnayni	سُخْنَتَيْنِ suḵnatayni	السُّخْنَتَيْنِ as-suḵnatayni
Genitive	سُخْنَيْنِ suḵnayni	السُّخْنَيْنِ as-suḵnayni	سُخْنَتَيْنِ suḵnatayni	السُّخْنَتَيْنِ as-suḵnatayni
Plural	Masculine		Feminine
	plural unknown		sound feminine plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	? ?	? ?	سُخْنَات suḵnāt	السُّخْنَات as-suḵnāt
Nominative	? ?	? ?	سُخْنَاتٌ suḵnātun	السُّخْنَاتُ as-suḵnātu
Accusative	? ?	? ?	سُخْنَاتٍ suḵnātin	السُّخْنَاتِ as-suḵnāti
Genitive	? ?	? ?	سُخْنَاتٍ suḵnātin	السُّخْنَاتِ as-suḵnāti

References

• Wehr, Hans (1979) “سخن”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Persian

Etymology

Ultimately from Proto-Iranian *cánhati; see there for more.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [su.xan], [sa.xun], [su.xun], [sa.xan]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [sʊ.xän]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [sʊ.xän]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [sʊ.xän]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [su.xän]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [so.xæn]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [su.χän]

Readings
Classical reading?	suxan, saxun, suxun, saxan
Dari reading?	suxan
Iranian reading?	soxan
Tajik reading?	suxan

Noun

سُخَن • (soxan) (plural سخنان (soxanân))

1. speech

Derived terms

• سخنگو (soxangu)
• سخن راندن (soxan rândan)
• سخن گفتن (soxan goftan)

South Levantine Arabic

Root
س خ ن
2 terms

Etymology 1

From Arabic سَخَنَ (saḵana).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sa.xan/, [ˈsa.xan]

• Audio (al-Lidd):

  (file)

Verb

سخن • (saḵan) I (present بسخن (bosḵon))

1. (intransitive) to become hot, to heat up

Conjugation

Conjugation of سخن (saḵan)
		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	سخنت (saḵant)	سخنت (saḵant)	سخن (saḵan)		سخننا (saḵanna)	سخنتو (saḵantu)	سخنو (saḵanu)
	f		سخنتي (saḵanti)	سخنت (saḵnat)
present	m	بسخن (basḵon)	بتسخن (btosḵon)	بسخن (bosḵon)		منسخن (mnosḵon)	بتسخنو (btosḵonu)	بسخنو (bosḵonu)
	f		بتسخني (btosḵoni)	بتسخن (btosḵon)
subjunctive	m	أسخن (ʔasḵon)	تسخن (tosḵon)	يسخن (yosḵon)		نسخن (nosḵon)	تسخنو (tosḵonu)	يسخنو (yosḵonu)
	f		تسخني (tosḵoni)	تسخن (tosḵon)
imperative	m		اسخن (osḵon)				اسخنو (osḵonu)
	f		اسخني (osḵoni)

See also

Temperature · حرارة (ḥarāra)
	Cold	Warm	Hot	Hot (Weather)	Very Hot
Noun	برد (bard)	دفا (dafa)	حرّ (ḥarr)	شوب (šōb)	حمّ (ḥamm)
Verb	برد (barad)	دفي (difi)	سخن (saḵan)	شوّب (šawwab)	حمي (ḥimi)
Adjective	بارد (bāred)	دافي (dāfi)	سخن (suḵn), حارّ (ḥārr)	مشوّب (mšawweb)	حامي (ḥāmi)
Feeling	بردان (bardān)	دفيان (dafyān)		شوبان (šōbān)	حميان (ḥamyān)

Etymology 2

From Arabic سَخَّنَ (saḵḵana).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sax.xan/, [ˈsax.xan]

• Audio (al-Lidd):

  (file)

Verb

سخّن • (saḵḵan) II (present بسخّن (bisaḵḵen))

1. (transitive) to heat up, to warm up

   Synonym: دفّى (daffa)

   Antonym: برّد (barrad)

Conjugation

Conjugation of سخّن (saḵḵan)
		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	سخّنت (saḵḵant)	سخّنت (saḵḵant)	سخّن (saḵḵan)		سخّننا (saḵḵanna)	سخّنتو (saḵḵantu)	سخّنو (saḵḵanu)
	f		سخّنتي (saḵḵanti)	سخّنت (saḵḵanat)
present	m	بسخّن (basaḵḵen)	بتسخّن (bitsaḵḵen)	بسخّن (bisaḵḵen)		منسخّن (minsaḵḵen)	بتسخّنو (bitsaḵḵnu)	بسخّنو (bisaḵḵnu)
	f		بتسخّني (bitsaḵḵni)	بتسخّن (bitsaḵḵen)
subjunctive	m	اسخّن (asaḵḵen)	تسخّن (tsaḵḵen)	يسخّن (ysaḵḵen)		نسخّن (nsaḵḵen)	تسخّنو (tsaḵḵnu)	يسخّنو (ysaḵḵnu)
	f		تسخّني (tsaḵḵni)	تسخّن (tsaḵḵen)
imperative	m		سخّن (saḵḵen)				سخّنو (saḵḵnu)
	f		سخّني (saḵḵni)

Etymology 3

From Arabic سُخْن (suḵn).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /suxn/, [ˈsˤʊ.x(ʊ)n]

• Audio (Ramallah):

  (file)

Adjective

سخن • (suḵn) (feminine سخنة (suḵne), elative أسخن (ʔasḵan))

1. hot, warm (of things)

See also

Temperature · حرارة (ḥarāra)
	Cold	Warm	Hot	Hot (Weather)	Very Hot
Noun	برد (bard)	دفا (dafa)	حرّ (ḥarr)	شوب (šōb)	حمّ (ḥamm)
Verb	برد (barad)	دفي (difi)	سخن (saḵan)	شوّب (šawwab)	حمي (ḥimi)
Adjective	بارد (bāred)	دافي (dāfi)	سخن (suḵn), حارّ (ḥārr)	مشوّب (mšawweb)	حامي (ḥāmi)
Feeling	بردان (bardān)	دفيان (dafyān)		شوبان (šōbān)	حميان (ḥamyān)