سدر

Arabic

سَدَارَة

Etymology 1

Sense of letting go cognate with Hebrew שִׁדֵּר (shidér, “to send, to dispatch, to broadcast”) via Jewish Babylonian Aramaic root ש־ד־ר (“to send”)

Root
س د ر (s d r)
2 terms

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sa.di.ra/

Verb

سَدِرَ • (sadira) I (non-past يَسْدَرُ (yasdaru), verbal noun سَدَر (sadar) or سَدَارَة (sadāra))

1. to be dazzled, to be blinded, to have vision blocked
   • c. 700, al-ʾaḵṭal at-taġlibī, ألا سائل الجحاف هل هو ثائر:

     يصولُ بمَجْرٍ لَيْسَ يُحْصى عديدُه
     ويَسْدَرُ مِنْهُ، ساجِياً، كلُّ ناظِرِ

     He encroaches numerously in a number that cannot be counted
     And every beholder is silent and dazzled by him.

2. to be careless, to be regardless, to be reckless
3. to let go, to exert
4. to hung down, to descend

Conjugation

    Conjugation of سَدِرَ (I, sound, i ~ a, impersonal passive (?), verbal nouns سَدَر, سَدَارَة)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						سَدَر, سَدَارَة sadar, sadāra
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						سَادِر, سَدِر sādir, sadir
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَسْدُور masdūr
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	سَدِرْتُ sadirtu	سَدِرْتَ sadirta	سَدِرَ sadira		سَدِرْتُمَا sadirtumā	سَدِرَا sadirā		سَدِرْنَا sadirnā	سَدِرْتُمْ sadirtum	سَدِرُوا sadirū
	f		سَدِرْتِ sadirti	سَدِرَتْ sadirat			سَدِرَتَا sadiratā			سَدِرْتُنَّ sadirtunna	سَدِرْنَ sadirna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَسْدَرُ ʔasdaru	تَسْدَرُ tasdaru	يَسْدَرُ yasdaru		تَسْدَرَانِ tasdarāni	يَسْدَرَانِ yasdarāni		نَسْدَرُ nasdaru	تَسْدَرُونَ tasdarūna	يَسْدَرُونَ yasdarūna
	f		تَسْدَرِينَ tasdarīna	تَسْدَرُ tasdaru			تَسْدَرَانِ tasdarāni			تَسْدَرْنَ tasdarna	يَسْدَرْنَ yasdarna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَسْدَرَ ʔasdara	تَسْدَرَ tasdara	يَسْدَرَ yasdara		تَسْدَرَا tasdarā	يَسْدَرَا yasdarā		نَسْدَرَ nasdara	تَسْدَرُوا tasdarū	يَسْدَرُوا yasdarū
	f		تَسْدَرِي tasdarī	تَسْدَرَ tasdara			تَسْدَرَا tasdarā			تَسْدَرْنَ tasdarna	يَسْدَرْنَ yasdarna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَسْدَرْ ʔasdar	تَسْدَرْ tasdar	يَسْدَرْ yasdar		تَسْدَرَا tasdarā	يَسْدَرَا yasdarā		نَسْدَرْ nasdar	تَسْدَرُوا tasdarū	يَسْدَرُوا yasdarū
	f		تَسْدَرِي tasdarī	تَسْدَرْ tasdar			تَسْدَرَا tasdarā			تَسْدَرْنَ tasdarna	يَسْدَرْنَ yasdarna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِسْدَرْ isdar			اِسْدَرَا isdarā				اِسْدَرُوا isdarū
	f		اِسْدَرِي isdarī							اِسْدَرْنَ isdarna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	—	—	سُدِرَ sudira		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	—	—	يُسْدَرُ yusdaru		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	—	—	يُسْدَرَ yusdara		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	—	—	يُسْدَرْ yusdar		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—

Noun

سَدَر • (sadar) m

1. verbal noun of سَدِرَ (sadira) (form I)

Declension

Declension of noun سَدَر (sadar)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سَدَر sadar	السَّدَر as-sadar	سَدَر sadar
Nominative	سَدَرٌ sadarun	السَّدَرُ as-sadaru	سَدَرُ sadaru
Accusative	سَدَرًا sadaran	السَّدَرَ as-sadara	سَدَرَ sadara
Genitive	سَدَرٍ sadarin	السَّدَرِ as-sadari	سَدَرِ sadari

سِدْر – Ziziphus spina-christi

Etymology 2

From the root س د ر (s-d-r) meaning “to obscure or block vision”, “to make an area inaccessible or blocked”; originally applied variously to lofty trees associated with shade.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sidr/

Noun

سِدْر • (sidr) m (collective, singulative سِدْرَة f (sidra), plural سُدُور (sudūr) or سِدَر (sidar), paucal سِدَرَات (sidarāt))

1. buckthorn, trees of the genus Ziziphus

   Synonym: نَبَق (nabaq)

   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 56:28-29:

     فِي سِدْرٍ مَّخْضُودٍ وَطَلْحٍ مَّنْضُودٍ

     fī sidrin maḵḍūdin waṭalḥin manḍūdin

     [They will be] among buckthorn trees with thorns removed and vachellia trees layered [with fruit]

Declension

Declension of noun سِدْر (sidr)

Collective	basic collective triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سِدْر sidr	السِّدْر as-sidr	سِدْر sidr
Nominative	سِدْرٌ sidrun	السِّدْرُ as-sidru	سِدْرُ sidru
Accusative	سِدْرًا sidran	السِّدْرَ as-sidra	سِدْرَ sidra
Genitive	سِدْرٍ sidrin	السِّدْرِ as-sidri	سِدْرِ sidri
Singulative	singulative triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سِدْرَة sidra	السِّدْرَة as-sidra	سِدْرَة sidrat
Nominative	سِدْرَةٌ sidratun	السِّدْرَةُ as-sidratu	سِدْرَةُ sidratu
Accusative	سِدْرَةً sidratan	السِّدْرَةَ as-sidrata	سِدْرَةَ sidrata
Genitive	سِدْرَةٍ sidratin	السِّدْرَةِ as-sidrati	سِدْرَةِ sidrati
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سِدْرَتَيْن sidratayn	السِّدْرَتَيْن as-sidratayn	سِدْرَتَيْ sidratay
Nominative	سِدْرَتَانِ sidratāni	السِّدْرَتَانِ as-sidratāni	سِدْرَتَا sidratā
Accusative	سِدْرَتَيْنِ sidratayni	السِّدْرَتَيْنِ as-sidratayni	سِدْرَتَيْ sidratay
Genitive	سِدْرَتَيْنِ sidratayni	السِّدْرَتَيْنِ as-sidratayni	سِدْرَتَيْ sidratay
Paucal (3-10)	sound feminine paucal
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سِدَرَات sidarāt	السِّدَرَات as-sidarāt	سِدَرَات sidarāt
Nominative	سِدَرَاتٌ sidarātun	السِّدَرَاتُ as-sidarātu	سِدَرَاتُ sidarātu
Accusative	سِدَرَاتٍ sidarātin	السِّدَرَاتِ as-sidarāti	سِدَرَاتِ sidarāti
Genitive	سِدَرَاتٍ sidarātin	السِّدَرَاتِ as-sidarāti	سِدَرَاتِ sidarāti
Plural of variety	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سُدُور‎; سِدَر sudūr‎; sidar	السُّدُور‎; السِّدَر as-sudūr‎; as-sidar	سُدُور‎; سِدَر sudūr‎; sidar
Nominative	سُدُورٌ‎; سِدَرٌ sudūrun‎; sidarun	السُّدُورُ‎; السِّدَرُ as-sudūru‎; as-sidaru	سُدُورُ‎; سِدَرُ sudūru‎; sidaru
Accusative	سُدُورًا‎; سِدَرًا sudūran‎; sidaran	السُّدُورَ‎; السِّدَرَ as-sudūra‎; as-sidara	سُدُورَ‎; سِدَرَ sudūra‎; sidara
Genitive	سُدُورٍ‎; سِدَرٍ sudūrin‎; sidarin	السُّدُورِ‎; السِّدَرِ as-sudūri‎; as-sidari	سُدُورِ‎; سِدَرِ sudūri‎; sidari

Descendants

• → Classical Azerbaijani: sidrə
• → Persian: سدر (sedr)
• → Ottoman Turkish: سدره (sidre), سدر (sidr)
  • Turkish: sidre

References

• Freytag, Georg (1833) “سدر”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[1] (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 299
• Lane, Edward William (1863) “سدر”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[2], London: Williams & Norgate, page 1331
• Löw, Immanuel (1934) Die Flora der Juden‎^[3] (in German), volume 4, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, page 67
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “سدر”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[4], London: W.H. Allen, page 487
• Wehr, Hans (1979) “سدر”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 470
• Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “سدر”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎^[5] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 561

Ottoman Turkish

سدره – Ziziphus jujuba

Etymology 1

From Arabic سِدْر (sidr).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sidr/

Noun

سدر • (sidr) (singulative سدره (sidre))

1. buckthorn, trees of the genus Ziziphus

Descendants

• Turkish: sidre

Etymology 2

سدر لبنان – Cedrus libani

From French cèdre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sɛdr/, /sɛdir/

Noun

سدر • (sedr, sedir)

1. cedar, tree of the genus Cedrus

Descendants

• Turkish: sedr, sedir
• →? Azerbaijani: sidr (“cedar”) (by confusion)

References

• Zenker, Julius Theodor (1876) “سدر”, in Türkisch-arabisch-persisches Handwörterbuch, volume 2 (overall work in German and French), Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, page 501b

South Levantine Arabic

Noun

سدر • (ṣidr) m

1. Alternative spelling of صدر (ṣidr)