See also: سز, شر, and ـسز

Arabic

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Etymology 1.1

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Root
س ر ر (s r r)
10 terms

Verb

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سَرَّ (sarra) I (non-past يَسُرُّ (yasurru), verbal noun مَسَرَّة (masarra) or سُرُور (surūr) or سُرّ (surr) or سُرَّى (surrā) or تَسِرَّة (tasirra))

  1. to gladden, to make happy, to delight, to cheer, to rejoice
  2. to satisfy
  3. to pass
Conjugation
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Etymology 1.2

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Verb

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سُرَّ (surra) I (passive-only, first-person singular past سُرِرْتُ (surirtu), non-past يُسَرُّ (yusarru), verbal noun مَسَرَّة (masarra) or سُرُور (surūr) or سُرّ (surr) or سُرَّى (surrā) or تَسِرَّة (tasirra))

  1. to be glad, to be happy, to be delighted, to take pleasure in
Conjugation
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Etymology 1.3

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Noun

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سَرّ (sarrm

  1. verbal noun of سَرَّ (sarra) (form I)
Declension
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Etymology 2.1

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Compare Ugaritic 𐎌𐎗 (šr).

Noun

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سُرّ (surrm (plural أَسِرَّة (ʔasirra))

  1. verbal noun of سَرَّ (sarra) (form I)
  2. umbilical cord, navel string
Declension
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Etymology 2.2

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Denominal verb from سُرّ (surr, umbilical cord) and سُرَّة (surra, navel).

Verb

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سَرَّ (sarra) I (non-past يَسُرُّ (yasurru), verbal noun سَرّ (sarr))

  1. to cut off the navel string of (someone)
  2. to hurt the navel of (someone)
Conjugation
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Etymology 2.3

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Denominal verb from سُرَّة (surra, navel).

Verb

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سَرَّ (sarra) I (first-person singular past سَرِرْتُ (sarirtu), non-past يَسَرُّ (yasarru), verbal noun سَرّ (sarr))

  1. to complain of pain in the navel
Conjugation
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Etymology 3

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For the fourth sense, compare Classical Syriac ܐ݇ܪܵܙܵܐ (rāzā, sacrament, literally secret).

Noun

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سِرّ (sirrm (plural أَسْرَار (ʔasrār)) (countable and uncountable)

  1. secret, secret thought
  2. heart, inmost
  3. secrecy, mystery
  4. sacrament (Christianity)
  5. underlying reason
Declension
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Antonyms
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Descendants
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Etymology 4

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Noun

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سِرّ (sirrm (plural أَسِرَّة (ʔasirra) or أَسْرَار (ʔasrār) or أَسَارِير (ʔasārīr))

  1. line in the palm
Declension
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Etymology 5

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From Ottoman Turkish سر (ser), from Persian سر (sar).

Noun

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سَر (sarm

  1. (in compounds) head, chief
    سِرْدَار (sirdār)supreme commander; commanding general
    سَرْعَسْكَر (sarʕaskar)Ottoman general
    سِرْيَاوَرَان (siryāwarān)adjutant general
Declension
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Etymology 6

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Verb

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سِرْ (sir) (form I) /sir/

  1. second-person masculine singular imperative of سَارَ (sāra)

Baluchi

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Noun

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سر (sar)

  1. (Anatomy) head
  2. top

See also

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Burushaski

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Noun

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سر (sar) (plural سرݸ)

  1. rabbit

Etymology 2

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Noun

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سر (sar) (plural سرݸ)

  1. thread

References

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  • Sadaf Munshi (2015) “Word Lists”, in Burushaski Language Documentation Project[1].

Kalkoti

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Noun

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سر (sar)

  1. lake

Kohistani Shina

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Noun

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سر (ser)

  1. top

Laki

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Noun

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سر (sir)

  1. head

Ottoman Turkish

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Etymology 1

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From Persian سر (sar).

Noun

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سر (ser)

  1. head
  2. chief, head, leading
  3. end, summit, tip
Synonyms
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Derived terms
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Descendants
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  • > Turkish: ser (inherited)
  • Arabic: سَر (sar)

Etymology 2

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From Arabic سِرّ (sirr).

Noun

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سر (sirr, sır)

  1. secret, concealed thing
Descendants
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  • > Turkish: sır (inherited)
  • Crimean Tatar: sır

References

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  • Zenker, Julius Theodor (1876) “سر”, in Türkisch-arabisch-persisches Handwörterbuch, volume 2 (overall work in German and French), Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, pages 501–502

Persian

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Persian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia fa

Etymology 1

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From Middle Persian 𐭫𐭥𐭩𐭱𐭤 (LOYŠE /⁠sar⁠/), from Proto-Iranian *cŕ̥Hah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćŕ̥Has, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂-; see there for further information.

Pronunciation

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Readings
Classical reading? sar
Dari reading? sar
Iranian reading? sar
Tajik reading? sar

Noun

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Dari سر
Iranian Persian
Tajik сар

سَر (sar) (plural سرها (sar-hâ))

  1. head; (figurative) the head, as the seat of the intellect
    سرم درد میکنه.
    sar-am dard mi-kone.
    My head hurts.
    • 2023, “پاقدم”, performed by علیرضا طلیسچی:
      تو رفتی ولی فکر تو، تو سر من موند
      همیشه نبودت من و قلبمو ترسوند
      to rafti vali fekr-e to tu sar-e man mund
      hamiše nabudet man o qalbamo tarsund
      you left but the thought of you remained in my head / your absence always scared me and my heart
  2. top, top part
    بر سر درخت
    bar sar-e deraxt
    on the treetop
  3. cover, lid, cap
    سر دیگ شیشه‌ای
    sar-e dig-e šiše'i
    glass pot lid
  4. start, beginning, starting point
    باد سر پاییز
    bâd-e sar-e pâyiz
    early autumn wind
  5. tip, extremity, endpoint; often without the ezâfe.
    سرانگشتsarangoštfingertip
    سر تا سرsarsarfrom one end to the other
    • 11th century, Abū Saʿīd Abī-l-Khayr, Rubāʿī attributed to Abū Saʿīd Abī-l-Khayr[2]:
      جانا من و تو نمونهٔ پرگاریم
      سر گرچه دو کرده‌ایم یک تن داریم
      jānā man u tō namūna-yi pargār-ēm
      sar garči du karda'ēm yak tan dārēm
      My love, you and I are akin to a pair of compasses;
      Though we are of two heads/ends, we have one body.
      (Classical Persian transliteration)
    • 1962, Jalal Al-e-Ahmad, غرب‌زدگی [Occidentosis: A Plague from the West]:
      این غرب‌زدگی دو سر دارد. یکی غرب و دیگر ما که غرب‌زده‌ایم. ما یعنی گوشه‌ای از شرق. به جای این دو سر، بگذاریم دو قطب. یا دو نهایت.
      in ğarb-zadegi do sar dârad. yeki ğarb va digar mâ ke ğarb-zade-im. mâ ya'ni guše'i az šarq. be jâ-ye in do sar, begozârim do qotb. yâ do nehâyat.
      This Westoxification has two endpoints. One is the West, and the other is we who are Westoxified. We, as in a corner of the East. Instead of these two endpoints, let us say two poles. Or two extremes.
  6. (idiomatic) intention, desire
    آمریکا با ایران سر جنگ دارد.
    âmrikâ bâ irân sar-e jang dârad.
    America wants war with Iran.
  7. (idiomatic) end, conclusion
    به سر آوردن
    be sar âvordan
    to bring to an end
    • 1921, Mohammad-Ali Jamalzadeh, فارسی شکر است[3]:
      [] و جیغ و داد و فریادی بلند و قشقره‌ای برپا گردید که آن سرش پیدا نبود.
      [] va jiğ o dâd o faryâdi boland va qešqere'i barpâ gardid ke ân sar-aš peydâ na-bud.
      [] and screams, shouts, loud cries, and general pandemonium was set up to which no end could be found.
  8. A classifier for people and animals.
  9. (Sistani) A kind of clay.

Noun

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سَر (sar) (plural سران (sarân))

  1. leader, chief, head

Preposition

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سر (sar-i) (Dari transliteration)

  1. (chiefly Dari) on top, on
    «کلید من از کجاست» «آن سر میز است» (Dari, formal)
    “kilīd-i man az kujā-st” “ān sar-i mēz ast”
    «کلی مه از کجایه؟» «او سر میزه» (Dari, informal)
    “kilī-yi ma az kuja-ya?” “ū sar-i mēz-a”
    "where are my keys?" "they are on the table"
Usage notes
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Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Hindustani:
  • Ottoman Turkish: سر (ser)
    • > Turkish: ser (inherited)
    • Arabic: سَر (sar)
  • ? Pashto: سر (sar)

Etymology 2

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Borrowed from Arabic سِرّ (sirr, secret).

Pronunciation

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Readings
Classical reading? sirr
Dari reading? sirr
Iranian reading? serr
Tajik reading? sirr

Noun

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سِرّ (serr) (plural اسرار (asrâr))

  1. secret
    Synonym: راز (râz)
Inflection
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    Enclitic-attached forms of سر (serr) (Iranian Persian)
    Basic forms of سر (serr)
singular plural
bare سر
(serr)
سر‌ها
(serr-hấ)
سرا
(serrấ)
definitive direct object سر را
(serr râ)
سر رو
(serro)
سر‌ها را
(serr-hấ râ)
سرا رو
(serrấ ro)
ezâfe سر
(serr-e)
سر‌های
(serr-hấ-ye)
سرای
(serrấ-ye)
marked indefinite
or relative definite
سری
(serr-i)
سر‌هایی
(serrấn-i, serr-hấ-i)
سرایی
(serrấi)
Colloquial.
    Possessive forms of سر (serr)
singular plural
1st person singular
(“my”)
سرم
(serram)
سر‌هایم
(serr-hấyam)
سر‌هام، سرام
(serrấm)
2nd person singular
(“your”)
سرت
(serrat)
[Term?]
(serret)
سر‌هایت
(serr-hấyat)
سر‌هات، سرات
(serrất)
3rd person singular
(“his, her, its”)
سرش
(serraš)
[Term?]
(serreš)
سر‌هایش
(serr-hấyaš)
سر‌هاش، سراش
(serrấš)
1st plural
(“our”)
سرمان
(serremân)
سرمون
(serremun)
سر‌هایمان
(serr-hấyemân)
سر‌هامون، سرامون
(serrấmun)
2nd plural
(“your”)
سرتان
(serretân)
سرتون
(serretun)
سر‌هایتان
(serr-hấyetân)
سر‌هاتون، سراتون
(serrấtun)
3rd plural
(“their”)
سرشان
(serrešân)
سرشون
(serrešun)
سر‌هایشان
(serr-hấyešân)
سر‌هاشون، سراشون
(serrấšun)
Colloquial.

Etymology 3

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A transliteration of the English title Sir.

Noun

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سِر (ser)

  1. Sir (the titular prefix given to a knight or baronet)
    سر تیم برنرز لیser tim bernerz liSir Tim Berners-Lee
Usage notes
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Used in transliteration only.

Punjabi

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Etymology

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Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂-; see there for more.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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سِر (sirm (Gurmukhi spelling ਸਿਰ)

  1. head

Saraiki

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Etymology

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From Sanskrit शिरस् (śiras).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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سِر (sirm

  1. (anatomy) head

Shina

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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سر (sar)

  1. lake
  2. (rare) ocean

Sindhi

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Etymology

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From Sanskrit शिरस् (śiras).

Noun

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سر (sirum (Devanagari सिरु)

  1. head

South Levantine Arabic

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Root
س ر ر
3 terms

Etymology

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From Arabic سِرّ (sirr).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /sirr/, [sɪr]
  • Audio (Ramallah):(file)

Noun

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سرّ (sirrm (plural أسرار (ʔasrār) or سرار (srār))

  1. secret

Southwestern Fars

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Adjective

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سر (so:r, sōr)

  1. (Kuzarg) red

Urdu

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Etymology 1

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Borrowed from Sanskrit शर (śara).

Noun

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سَر (sarm (Hindi spelling सर)

  1. arrow

Etymology 2

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Borrowed from Sanskrit [Term?].

Adjective

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سَر (sar) (Hindi spelling सर)

  1. going
  2. moving
  3. proceeding

Noun

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سَر (sar? (Hindi spelling सर)

  1. motion
  2. milk
  3. waterfall
  4. salt
  5. cream

Etymology 3

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Borrowed from Sanskrit सरस् (saras).

Noun

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سَر (sarm (Hindi spelling सर)

  1. lake
  2. pond
  3. pool
  4. tank

Etymology 4

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Borrowed from Classical Persian سر (sar). Cognate with Sanskrit शिरस् (śiras). Doublet of سر (sir, head).

Noun

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سَر (sarm (Hindi spelling सर)

  1. head
  2. top
  3. pinnacle
  4. tip
  5. origin
  6. head
  7. chief
  8. intention
  9. aim, goal
  10. end

Etymology 5

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Borrowed from Sanskrit शिर (śira).

Adverb

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سِر (sir) (Hindi spelling सिर)

  1. initially

Noun

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سِر (sirm (Hindi spelling सिर)

  1. head
  2. skull
  3. top
  4. summit
  5. crown
  6. pinnacle
  7. beginning
  8. commencement

Etymology 6

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Borrowed from Classical Persian سر (sir(r)), from Arabic سِرّ (sirr).

Noun

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سِر or سِرّ (sir or sirrm (Hindi spelling सिर्र)

  1. secret
  2. mystery

Etymology 7

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Borrowed from Sanskrit सुर (sura).

Noun

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سُر (surm (Hindi spelling सुर)

  1. god
  2. deity
  3. angel
  4. sun

Etymology 8

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Borrowed from Sanskrit स्वर (svara).

Noun

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سُر (surm (Hindi spelling सुर)

  1. sound
  2. voice
  3. tone
  4. tune
  5. harmony
  6. melody
  7. song
  8. air

Etymology 9

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Borrowed from Classical Persian سر (sur), from Sanskrit शूल (śūla).

Noun

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سُر (surm (Hindi spelling सुर)

  1. swordfish
  NODES
Note 5
Project 1