شلاق

Arabic

فَقِيرٌ عَلَى ظَهْرِهِ شَلَّاقٌ (faqīrun ʕalā ẓahrihi šallāqun)

Etymology

Has been identified with Jewish Babylonian Aramaic סַלָּקוּתָא (sallaqūṯā) which occurs in some obscure context in Terumot 8 from which one can only derive that it is a kind of container. Ancient Greek σάλαξ (sálax, “miner’s sieve”) has been suggested for this word. It has also been related to Old Armenian շալակ (šalak). Compare also how the meaning “to beg“ of شَحَذَ (šaḥaḏa) is suspected to be from Aramaic.

Probably of Iranian origin, cognate to Persian شالاق (šâlâq, “rag”), جولخ (jôlax, “mendicant’s woolen cloth; cloth for saddle-bags”), جوال (jovâl), گوال (govâl, “sack”), Arabic جُوَالَق (juwālaq, “sack, bag”), Jewish Babylonian Aramaic גְּוָאלְקָא (gwālqā, “sack”), Classical Syriac ܓܘܵܠܩܵܐ (gwālqā, “sack”), Baluchi [script needed] (gwaləg, “flour-sack made of goat-hair”), Southern Kurdish گۆوال (gowal, “sack”), Central Kurdish گەوال (gewal, “sack”), Ossetian го́ллаг (góllag, “sack”), Georgian გვალაგი (gvalagi), გუალაგი (gualagi, “sack”), Zazaki şelag (“sack”), Southern Kurdish شوول (şûl, “sack”); compare also the forms at Arabic جُلّ (jull, “horse-covering, saddle-cloth”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʃal.laːq/

Noun

شَلَّاق • (šallāq) m

1. beggar’s knapsack
   • c. 1110, Al-Ḥarīriyy ed. Antoine Isaac Silvestre de Sacy, “المقامة الصورية”, in Les séances de Hariri, volume 1, Paris, published 1822, page 330:

     وَقَد بَذَلَ لَهَا مِنَ الصَّدَاقِ شَلَّاقًا وَعُكّازًا. وَصِقَاعًا وَكُرَّازًا. فَأَنْكَحُوهُ إِنْكَاحَ مِثْلِهِ

     wa-qad baḏala la-hā mina ṣ-ṣadāqi šallāqan wa-ʕukkāzan. wa-ṣiqāʕan wa-kurrāzan. fa-ʔankaḥū-hu ʔinkāḥa miṯli-hī

     And he offered for her of dowry a beggar’s knapsack and mendicant’s staff, and a mouth-rag and a drinking-jar. And they gave him off to marriage in such a fashion.

Declension

Declension of noun شَلَّاق (šallāq)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	شَلَّاق šallāq	الشَّلَّاق aš-šallāq	شَلَّاق šallāq
Nominative	شَلَّاقٌ šallāqun	الشَّلَّاقُ aš-šallāqu	شَلَّاقُ šallāqu
Accusative	شَلَّاقًا šallāqan	الشَّلَّاقَ aš-šallāqa	شَلَّاقَ šallāqa
Genitive	شَلَّاقٍ šallāqin	الشَّلَّاقِ aš-šallāqi	شَلَّاقِ šallāqi

Descendants

• →? Persian: شلاق (šallâq)

Further reading

• Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 82
• Freytag, Georg (1833) “شلاق”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[1] (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 446
• Guggenheimer, Heinrich Walter, editor (2002), Jerusalem Talmud. First Order: Zeraïm / Tractates / Terumot and Maʿserot is the forth volume in the edition of the Jerusalem Talmud, Berlin: De Gruyter, pages 288–289
• Palatecʻi, Gēorg Dpir (1829) “շալագ”, in Baṙaran Parskerēn əst kargi haykakan aybubenicʻ [Persian Dictionary in the Order of the Armenian Alphabet] (in Armenian), Constantinople: Boghos Arabian Press, page 343a
• Rossi, Adriano Valerio (2011) “Ossetic and Balochi in V.I. Abaev’s SLOVAR'”, in Nartamongæ. The Journal of Alano-Ossetic Studies‎^[2], volume 8, pages 251–255 (from 236)

Persian

Alternative forms

• شلاغ (šallâğ)

Etymology

A thorough match in form and meaning is not known, perhaps from Aramaic *שַׁלָּק (šallāq), see the meaning “to lash” in Arabic سَلَقَ (salaqa), or from Arabic شَلَّاق (šallāq, “beggar’s knapsack”), or from Chagatai چلك (çelek, “major feather of a wing”) if a feather can be imagined as a means for beating or torture.

Noun

شلاق • (šallâq)

1. whip, lash, scourge

   Synonym: تازیانه (tâziyâne)

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: şallaq

References

• Doerfer, Gerhard (1975) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission)‎^[3] (in German), volume 4, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, page 290