عوسج

Arabic

Etymology

Put to Akkadian 𒀀𒊭𒄖 (ašāgu), though CAD rather wants to connect شَوْك (šawk) glossing both – while the latter is just the usual word for “thorns” – Prosopis farcta, which is known as يَنْبُوت (yanbūt); the term is used at Boğazköy in place of 𒀀𒄯𒁷𒉡 (amurdinnu) which is a thornbush noted for berries and beverage, plausibly boxthorn Lycium, camelthorn bush Alhagi, or just bramble Rubus, however is also found in equivalence with 𒀀𒄖𒌋 (agû), 𒂊𒄖𒌋 (egû), حَاج (ḥāj, “Alhagi”): 𒄿𒄀 (igi) = 𒀀𒃻𒄖 (ašāgu). Compare also the Iranian أُشَّق (ʔuššaq, “Ferula marmarica, Ferula aucheri, Ferula ammoniacum”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʕaw.sad͡ʒ/

Noun

عَوْسَج • (ʕawsaj) m (collective, singulative عَوْسَجَة f (ʕawsaja))

1. species of plants in genus Lycium, particularly:
   1. Arabian boxthorn, Lycium shawii
   2. Lycium depressum
   3. (al-Andalus) Lycium intricatum

Declension

Declension of noun عَوْسَج (ʕawsaj)

Collective	basic collective triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	عَوْسَج ʕawsaj	الْعَوْسَج al-ʕawsaj	عَوْسَج ʕawsaj
Nominative	عَوْسَجٌ ʕawsajun	الْعَوْسَجُ al-ʕawsaju	عَوْسَجُ ʕawsaju
Accusative	عَوْسَجًا ʕawsajan	الْعَوْسَجَ al-ʕawsaja	عَوْسَجَ ʕawsaja
Genitive	عَوْسَجٍ ʕawsajin	الْعَوْسَجِ al-ʕawsaji	عَوْسَجِ ʕawsaji
Singulative	singulative triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	عَوْسَجَة ʕawsaja	الْعَوْسَجَة al-ʕawsaja	عَوْسَجَة ʕawsajat
Nominative	عَوْسَجَةٌ ʕawsajatun	الْعَوْسَجَةُ al-ʕawsajatu	عَوْسَجَةُ ʕawsajatu
Accusative	عَوْسَجَةً ʕawsajatan	الْعَوْسَجَةَ al-ʕawsajata	عَوْسَجَةَ ʕawsajata
Genitive	عَوْسَجَةٍ ʕawsajatin	الْعَوْسَجَةِ al-ʕawsajati	عَوْسَجَةِ ʕawsajati
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	عَوْسَجَتَيْن ʕawsajatayn	الْعَوْسَجَتَيْن al-ʕawsajatayn	عَوْسَجَتَيْ ʕawsajatay
Nominative	عَوْسَجَتَانِ ʕawsajatāni	الْعَوْسَجَتَانِ al-ʕawsajatāni	عَوْسَجَتَا ʕawsajatā
Accusative	عَوْسَجَتَيْنِ ʕawsajatayni	الْعَوْسَجَتَيْنِ al-ʕawsajatayni	عَوْسَجَتَيْ ʕawsajatay
Genitive	عَوْسَجَتَيْنِ ʕawsajatayni	الْعَوْسَجَتَيْنِ al-ʕawsajatayni	عَوْسَجَتَيْ ʕawsajatay
Paucal (3-10)	sound feminine paucal
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	عَوْسَجَات ʕawsajāt	الْعَوْسَجَات al-ʕawsajāt	عَوْسَجَات ʕawsajāt
Nominative	عَوْسَجَاتٌ ʕawsajātun	الْعَوْسَجَاتُ al-ʕawsajātu	عَوْسَجَاتُ ʕawsajātu
Accusative	عَوْسَجَاتٍ ʕawsajātin	الْعَوْسَجَاتِ al-ʕawsajāti	عَوْسَجَاتِ ʕawsajāti
Genitive	عَوْسَجَاتٍ ʕawsajātin	الْعَوْسَجَاتِ al-ʕawsajāti	عَوْسَجَاتِ ʕawsajāti

Descendants

• Maltese: għawseġ
• Najdi Arabic: عوسج (ʕōsaj), عوشج (ʕōšaj), عوشز (ʕōšaz)
• → Middle Armenian: յասվաճ (yasvač), յավսաճ (yavsač), յավզաճ (yavzač)

References

• Freytag, Georg (1835) “عوسج”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[1] (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 154
• Lane, Edward William (1863) “عوسج”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[2], London: Williams & Norgate, page 2042
• Haupt, Paul (1910) “Elul und Adar”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft‎^[3] (in German), volume 64, page 714
• Fitting, Hans, Littmann, Enno (1911) “Arabische Pflanzennamen aus der Umgegend von Biskra (Algerien)”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft‎^[4] (in German), volume 65, pages 344–345
• Löw, Immanuel (1924) Die Flora der Juden‎^[5] (in German), volume 3, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, page 362
• Thompson, Reginald Campbell (1941) Cyril John Gadd, editor, A Dictionary of Assyrian Botany‎^[6], London: The British Academy, published 1949, page 182
• Mandaville, James Paul (2011) Bedouin Ethnobotany. Plant Concepts and Uses in a Desert Pastoral World, Tuscon: University of Arizona Press, →ISBN, page 243
• Pick, Hermann (1903) Assyrisches und Talmudisches. Kulturgeschichtliche und lexikalische Notizen‎^[7] (in German), Berlin: S. Calvary & Co., page 32
• Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “عوسج”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎^[8] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 839
• “ašāgu”, in The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago (CAD)‎^[9], volume 1, A, part 1, Chicago: University of Chicago Oriental Institute, 1964, page 410b penultimate line
• “egu”, in The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago (CAD)‎^[10], volume 4, E, Chicago: University of Chicago Oriental Institute, 1958, page 47b