عوض

Arabic

Root
ع و ض (ʕ w ḍ)
10 terms

Verb

عَوَّضَ • (ʕawwaḍa) II (non-past يُعَوِّضُ (yuʕawwiḍu), verbal noun تَعْوِيض (taʕwīḍ))

1. to offset, to compensate, to substitute, to replace, to make up for

Conjugation

    Conjugation of عَوَّضَ (II, sound, full passive, verbal noun تَعْوِيض)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						تَعْوِيض taʕwīḍ
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						مُعَوِّض muʕawwiḍ
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مُعَوَّض muʕawwaḍ
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	عَوَّضْتُ ʕawwaḍtu	عَوَّضْتَ ʕawwaḍta	عَوَّضَ ʕawwaḍa		عَوَّضْتُمَا ʕawwaḍtumā	عَوَّضَا ʕawwaḍā		عَوَّضْنَا ʕawwaḍnā	عَوَّضْتُمْ ʕawwaḍtum	عَوَّضُوا ʕawwaḍū
	f		عَوَّضْتِ ʕawwaḍti	عَوَّضَتْ ʕawwaḍat			عَوَّضَتَا ʕawwaḍatā			عَوَّضْتُنَّ ʕawwaḍtunna	عَوَّضْنَ ʕawwaḍna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُعَوِّضُ ʔuʕawwiḍu	تُعَوِّضُ tuʕawwiḍu	يُعَوِّضُ yuʕawwiḍu		تُعَوِّضَانِ tuʕawwiḍāni	يُعَوِّضَانِ yuʕawwiḍāni		نُعَوِّضُ nuʕawwiḍu	تُعَوِّضُونَ tuʕawwiḍūna	يُعَوِّضُونَ yuʕawwiḍūna
	f		تُعَوِّضِينَ tuʕawwiḍīna	تُعَوِّضُ tuʕawwiḍu			تُعَوِّضَانِ tuʕawwiḍāni			تُعَوِّضْنَ tuʕawwiḍna	يُعَوِّضْنَ yuʕawwiḍna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُعَوِّضَ ʔuʕawwiḍa	تُعَوِّضَ tuʕawwiḍa	يُعَوِّضَ yuʕawwiḍa		تُعَوِّضَا tuʕawwiḍā	يُعَوِّضَا yuʕawwiḍā		نُعَوِّضَ nuʕawwiḍa	تُعَوِّضُوا tuʕawwiḍū	يُعَوِّضُوا yuʕawwiḍū
	f		تُعَوِّضِي tuʕawwiḍī	تُعَوِّضَ tuʕawwiḍa			تُعَوِّضَا tuʕawwiḍā			تُعَوِّضْنَ tuʕawwiḍna	يُعَوِّضْنَ yuʕawwiḍna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُعَوِّضْ ʔuʕawwiḍ	تُعَوِّضْ tuʕawwiḍ	يُعَوِّضْ yuʕawwiḍ		تُعَوِّضَا tuʕawwiḍā	يُعَوِّضَا yuʕawwiḍā		نُعَوِّضْ nuʕawwiḍ	تُعَوِّضُوا tuʕawwiḍū	يُعَوِّضُوا yuʕawwiḍū
	f		تُعَوِّضِي tuʕawwiḍī	تُعَوِّضْ tuʕawwiḍ			تُعَوِّضَا tuʕawwiḍā			تُعَوِّضْنَ tuʕawwiḍna	يُعَوِّضْنَ yuʕawwiḍna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		عَوِّضْ ʕawwiḍ			عَوِّضَا ʕawwiḍā				عَوِّضُوا ʕawwiḍū
	f		عَوِّضِي ʕawwiḍī							عَوِّضْنَ ʕawwiḍna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	عُوِّضْتُ ʕuwwiḍtu	عُوِّضْتَ ʕuwwiḍta	عُوِّضَ ʕuwwiḍa		عُوِّضْتُمَا ʕuwwiḍtumā	عُوِّضَا ʕuwwiḍā		عُوِّضْنَا ʕuwwiḍnā	عُوِّضْتُمْ ʕuwwiḍtum	عُوِّضُوا ʕuwwiḍū
	f		عُوِّضْتِ ʕuwwiḍti	عُوِّضَتْ ʕuwwiḍat			عُوِّضَتَا ʕuwwiḍatā			عُوِّضْتُنَّ ʕuwwiḍtunna	عُوِّضْنَ ʕuwwiḍna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُعَوَّضُ ʔuʕawwaḍu	تُعَوَّضُ tuʕawwaḍu	يُعَوَّضُ yuʕawwaḍu		تُعَوَّضَانِ tuʕawwaḍāni	يُعَوَّضَانِ yuʕawwaḍāni		نُعَوَّضُ nuʕawwaḍu	تُعَوَّضُونَ tuʕawwaḍūna	يُعَوَّضُونَ yuʕawwaḍūna
	f		تُعَوَّضِينَ tuʕawwaḍīna	تُعَوَّضُ tuʕawwaḍu			تُعَوَّضَانِ tuʕawwaḍāni			تُعَوَّضْنَ tuʕawwaḍna	يُعَوَّضْنَ yuʕawwaḍna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُعَوَّضَ ʔuʕawwaḍa	تُعَوَّضَ tuʕawwaḍa	يُعَوَّضَ yuʕawwaḍa		تُعَوَّضَا tuʕawwaḍā	يُعَوَّضَا yuʕawwaḍā		نُعَوَّضَ nuʕawwaḍa	تُعَوَّضُوا tuʕawwaḍū	يُعَوَّضُوا yuʕawwaḍū
	f		تُعَوَّضِي tuʕawwaḍī	تُعَوَّضَ tuʕawwaḍa			تُعَوَّضَا tuʕawwaḍā			تُعَوَّضْنَ tuʕawwaḍna	يُعَوَّضْنَ yuʕawwaḍna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُعَوَّضْ ʔuʕawwaḍ	تُعَوَّضْ tuʕawwaḍ	يُعَوَّضْ yuʕawwaḍ		تُعَوَّضَا tuʕawwaḍā	يُعَوَّضَا yuʕawwaḍā		نُعَوَّضْ nuʕawwaḍ	تُعَوَّضُوا tuʕawwaḍū	يُعَوَّضُوا yuʕawwaḍū
	f		تُعَوَّضِي tuʕawwaḍī	تُعَوَّضْ tuʕawwaḍ			تُعَوَّضَا tuʕawwaḍā			تُعَوَّضْنَ tuʕawwaḍna	يُعَوَّضْنَ yuʕawwaḍna

Noun

عَوْض • (ʕawḍ) m

1. verbal noun of عَاضَ (ʕāḍa) (form I)
2. (obsolete) time – because as it passes it substitutes another portion of time

Declension

Declension of noun عَوْض (ʕawḍ)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	عَوْض ʕawḍ	الْعَوْض al-ʕawḍ	عَوْض ʕawḍ
Nominative	عَوْضٌ ʕawḍun	الْعَوْضُ al-ʕawḍu	عَوْضُ ʕawḍu
Accusative	عَوْضًا ʕawḍan	الْعَوْضَ al-ʕawḍa	عَوْضَ ʕawḍa
Genitive	عَوْضٍ ʕawḍin	الْعَوْضِ al-ʕawḍi	عَوْضِ ʕawḍi

Adverb

عَوْضُ or عَوْضَ or عَوْضِ • (ʕawḍu or ʕawḍa or ʕawḍi)

1. (obsolete) (with the present tense in the negative) ever, never, any time

   Synonym: أَبَدًا (ʔabadan)

   Coordinate term: قَطُّ (qaṭṭu)

Noun

عِوَض • (ʕiwaḍ) m (plural أَعْوَاض (ʔaʕwāḍ))

1. verbal noun of عَاضَ (ʕāḍa) (form I)
2. substitute, something or someone instead of something or someone else

Declension

Declension of noun عِوَض (ʕiwaḍ)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	عِوَض ʕiwaḍ	الْعِوَض al-ʕiwaḍ	عِوَض ʕiwaḍ
Nominative	عِوَضٌ ʕiwaḍun	الْعِوَضُ al-ʕiwaḍu	عِوَضُ ʕiwaḍu
Accusative	عِوَضًا ʕiwaḍan	الْعِوَضَ al-ʕiwaḍa	عِوَضَ ʕiwaḍa
Genitive	عِوَضٍ ʕiwaḍin	الْعِوَضِ al-ʕiwaḍi	عِوَضِ ʕiwaḍi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	عِوَضَيْن ʕiwaḍayn	الْعِوَضَيْن al-ʕiwaḍayn	عِوَضَيْ ʕiwaḍay
Nominative	عِوَضَانِ ʕiwaḍāni	الْعِوَضَانِ al-ʕiwaḍāni	عِوَضَا ʕiwaḍā
Accusative	عِوَضَيْنِ ʕiwaḍayni	الْعِوَضَيْنِ al-ʕiwaḍayni	عِوَضَيْ ʕiwaḍay
Genitive	عِوَضَيْنِ ʕiwaḍayni	الْعِوَضَيْنِ al-ʕiwaḍayni	عِوَضَيْ ʕiwaḍay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَعْوَاض ʔaʕwāḍ	الْأَعْوَاض al-ʔaʕwāḍ	أَعْوَاض ʔaʕwāḍ
Nominative	أَعْوَاضٌ ʔaʕwāḍun	الْأَعْوَاضُ al-ʔaʕwāḍu	أَعْوَاضُ ʔaʕwāḍu
Accusative	أَعْوَاضًا ʔaʕwāḍan	الْأَعْوَاضَ al-ʔaʕwāḍa	أَعْوَاضَ ʔaʕwāḍa
Genitive	أَعْوَاضٍ ʔaʕwāḍin	الْأَعْوَاضِ al-ʔaʕwāḍi	أَعْوَاضِ ʔaʕwāḍi

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: əvəz
• → Persian: عوض
  • → Marathi: ऐवजी (aivjī)
  • → Hindi: एवज़ (evaz)
• → Ottoman Turkish: عوض (ʼivâz)
  • Turkish: ivaz
  • ⇒ Ottoman Turkish: عیواض (ayvaz)
    • Turkish: ayvaz
• → Uzbek: evaz

Preposition

عِوَضَ • (ʕiwaḍa)

1. in lieu of, instead of, in exchange of, in exchange for, in compensation for

Inflection

Inflected forms
Base form					عِوَضَ (ʕiwaḍa)
Personal-pronoun- including forms	Singular		Dual	Plural
	Masculine	Feminine	Common	Masculine	Feminine
First person	عِوَضِي (ʕiwaḍī)		عِوَضَنَا (ʕiwaḍanā)
Second person	عِوَضَكَ (ʕiwaḍaka)	عِوَضَكِ (ʕiwaḍaki)	عِوَضَكُمَا (ʕiwaḍakumā)	عِوَضَكُمْ (ʕiwaḍakum)	عِوَضَكُنَّ (ʕiwaḍakunna)
Third person	عِوَضَهُ (ʕiwaḍahu)	عِوَضَهَا (ʕiwaḍahā)	عِوَضَهُمَا (ʕiwaḍahumā)	عِوَضَهُمْ (ʕiwaḍahum)	عِوَضَهُنَّ (ʕiwaḍahunna)

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic عِوَض (ʕiwaḍ, “substitute”). Doublet of عیواض (ʼayvaz, “servant”).

Noun

عوض • (ʼivâz) (definite accusative عوضی (ʼivâzı), plural اعواض (eʼvâz))

1. substitution, replacement, the act of supplying or substituting an equivalent for
2. substitute, replacement, a person or thing that takes the place of another
3. exchange, trade, an instance of bartering items in exchange for one another
4. equivalent, anything that is virtually equal in value or force to something else

Derived terms

• بلا عوض (bilâ ʼivâz, “gratuitously”)
• عوضاً (ʼivâzen, “in substitution, in exchange”)
• عوضنه ویرمك (ʼivâzına virmek, “to give in exchange”)

 

Descendants

• Turkish: ivaz

Further reading

• Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1886) “عوض”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume II, Paris: E. Leroux, page 374
• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “ivaz2”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 2272
• Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “ivaz”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎^[1] (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 566
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “عوض”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[2], Constantinople: Mihran, page 864
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Retributio”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[3], Vienna, column 1479
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “عوض”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[4], Vienna, column 3351
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “ivaz”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “عوض”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[5], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1328

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic عِوَض (ʕiwaḍ).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ʔi.ˈwaz]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɪ.wǽz]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɪ.wǽz]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔɪ.wǽz]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔi.wǽz]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔæ.vǽz]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔi.vǽz]

Readings
Classical reading?	iwaz
Dari reading?	iwaz
Iranian reading?	avaz
Tajik reading?	ivaz

Noun

Dari	عوض
Iranian Persian
Tajik	иваз

عوض • ('avaz) (plural اعواض (a'vāz) or عوض‌ها ('avaz-hâ))

1. substitute
2. exchange
3. compensation, reward, return
   • c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 898:

     جود جمله از عوضها دیدن است
     پس عوض دیدن ضد ترسیدن است

     jūd jumla az awaz-hā dīdan ast
     pas awaz dīdan zid-i tarsīdan ast

     All munificence is from seeing compensations;
     therefore seeing the compensation is opposed to fearing.

Derived terms

• عوض کردن ('avaz kardan, “to change, exchange”)
• بلاعوض (belâ-avaz, “ex gratia”)

References

• Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “عوض”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim

South Levantine Arabic

Root
ع و ض
1 term

Etymology

From Arabic عَوَّضَ (ʕawwaḍa).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʕaw.wadˤ/, [ˈʕaw.wɑdˤ]

• Audio (al-Lidd):

  (file)

Verb

عوّض • (ʕawwaḍ) II (present بعوّض (biʕawweḍ))

1. to compensate

Conjugation

Conjugation of عوّض (ʕawwaḍ)
		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	عوّضت (ʕawwaḍt)	عوّضت (ʕawwaḍt)	عوّض (ʕawwaḍ)		عوّضنا (ʕawwaḍna)	عوّضتو (ʕawwaḍtu)	عوّضو (ʕawwaḍu)
	f		عوّضتي (ʕawwaḍti)	عوّضت (ʕawwaḍat)
present	m	بعوّض (baʕawweḍ)	بتعوّض (bitʕawweḍ)	بعوّض (biʕawweḍ)		منعوّض (minʕawweḍ)	بتعوّضو (bitʕawwḍu)	بعوّضو (biʕawwḍu)
	f		بتعوّضي (bitʕawwḍi)	بتعوّض (bitʕawweḍ)
subjunctive	m	اعوّض (aʕawweḍ)	تعوّض (tʕawweḍ)	يعوّض (yʕawweḍ)		نعوّض (nʕawweḍ)	تعوّضو (tʕawwḍu)	يعوّضو (yʕawwḍu)
	f		تعوّضي (tʕawwḍi)	تعوّض (tʕawweḍ)
imperative	m		عوّض (ʕawweḍ)				عوّضو (ʕawwḍu)
	f		عوّضي (ʕawwḍi)