ـش

Bulgar

Suffix

-شِ (-şi)

(Volga Bulgar) Suffix creating ordinals.
Synonym: -م

References

Hakimzjanov, Farid Sabirzjanovich (1986) “New Volga Bulgarian Inscriptions”, in Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae‎^[2] (in Bulgar), volume 40, number 1, page 174

Persian

Alternative forms

ـشت (-ešt)^[1]

Etymology

From Middle Persian 𐭱𐭭 (-išn).

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [.ʔiʃ], [.jiʃ]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [.ʔɪʃ], [.jɪʃ]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [.ʔɪʃ], [.jɪʃ]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [.ʔiʃ], [.jiʃ]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [.ʔeʃ], [.jeʃ]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [.ʔiʃ], [.jiʃ]

Readings
Classical reading^?
Dari reading^?
Iranian reading^?
Tajik reading^?

Audio (Iran): (file)

Suffix

ـش • (-eš)

a rough equivalent of -tion or -ment, appended to the present stem of a verb, resulting in a noun describing the action of that verb

Usage notes

Present stems ending in a long vowel add ـیـ (-y-) before this suffix, for example the present stem of the verb پالودن (pâludan) being پالا (pâlâ), the resulting noun is پالایش (pâlâyeš, “refinement”).

Descendants

→ Pashto: ـښت (-ëx̌t)

References

^ Ela Filippone (2011) “The Language of the Qorʾān-e Qods and its Sistanic Dialectal Background”, in M. Maggi, P. Orsatti, editors, The Persian Language in History‎^[1], Wiesbaden: Reichert, pages 179-235:
The ending ‑št is rare in early new Persian: it is found in some early Judaeo-Persian texts from Xuzestān and occasionally elsewhere, as is the case of bad‑kuništ, alternating with bad‑kuniš, in the Šāhnāme. Poems written in Širāzi a few centuries later than QQ contain further instances, e.g. ravešt ‘way’, konešt ‘action’, gerevešt ‘belief’. Though mostly limited to a more or less small group of words also recorded in current Persian dictionaries (e.g. gardešt ‘walk’, bālešt ‘cushion’), the diffusion of št-deverbatives (or nominal derivatives) is much larger than generally admitted. Today we find a few in usage in Tehrāni and in Modern Spoken Persian, but they are more consistently documented in the eastern areas of the Iranian plateau: e.g. in Sistān, particularly in the dialect of Saraxs (...), in Xorasāni (...), in Tajik dialects (...), and in Kāboli, from where ‑št stably entered the Pašto morphological system. As for dialects spoken in South Iran, dictionaries record sporadic št-words. (...) Middle Persian (and some Early Judaeo-Persian) deverbatives ended in ‑išn. No one doubts that, from a morphological point of view, -išn/‑iš/‑išt should not be separated. Moreover, scholars generally agree on the fact that ‑t in ‑št is “a secondary addition, after the ‑n had been dropped” and that št-forms are sideforms to š-forms.

Uyghur

Etymology

Compare Turkish -iş.

Suffix

ـش • (-sh)

infinitive ending of verbs having an open syllable

Derived terms

Category Uyghur terms suffixed with ـش not found

Related terms

ـىش (-ish)
ـۇش (-ush)
ـۈش (-üsh)

[1] Ela Filippone (2011) “The Language of the Qorʾān-e Qods and its Sistanic Dialectal Background”, in M. Maggi, P. Orsatti, editors, The Persian Language in History‎^[1], Wiesbaden: Reichert, pages 179-235:
The ending ‑št is rare in early new Persian: it is found in some early Judaeo-Persian texts from Xuzestān and occasionally elsewhere, as is the case of bad‑kuništ, alternating with bad‑kuniš, in the Šāhnāme. Poems written in Širāzi a few centuries later than QQ contain further instances, e.g. ravešt ‘way’, konešt ‘action’, gerevešt ‘belief’. Though mostly limited to a more or less small group of words also recorded in current Persian dictionaries (e.g. gardešt ‘walk’, bālešt ‘cushion’), the diffusion of št-deverbatives (or nominal derivatives) is much larger than generally admitted. Today we find a few in usage in Tehrāni and in Modern Spoken Persian, but they are more consistently documented in the eastern areas of the Iranian plateau: e.g. in Sistān, particularly in the dialect of Saraxs (...), in Xorasāni (...), in Tajik dialects (...), and in Kāboli, from where ‑št stably entered the Pašto morphological system. As for dialects spoken in South Iran, dictionaries record sporadic št-words. (...) Middle Persian (and some Early Judaeo-Persian) deverbatives ended in ‑išn. No one doubts that, from a morphological point of view, -išn/‑iš/‑išt should not be separated. Moreover, scholars generally agree on the fact that ‑t in ‑št is “a secondary addition, after the ‑n had been dropped” and that št-forms are sideforms to š-forms.

[1]

ـش

Contents

Bulgar

Suffix

References

Persian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Suffix

Usage notes

Descendants

See also

References

Uyghur

Etymology

Suffix

Derived terms

Related terms