قيصر

See also: قیصر

Arabic

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin Caesar, possibly through Ancient Greek Καῖσαρ (Kaîsar) and/or Aramaic קיסר (qēsar). Uses for modern monarchs are semantic loans from Russian царь (carʹ) and German Kaiser, themselves from the Latin.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /qaj.sˤar/

Proper noun

قَيْصَر • (qayṣar) m

1. Caesar (Roman cognomen, notably that of Gaius Iulius Caesar)

   يُولْيُوس قَيْصَر ― yūlyūs qayṣar ― Julius Caesar

2. Caesar (an epithet of Roman emperors, seen as a byname of the incumbent)

   أَعْطُوا مَا لِقَيْصَرَ لِقَيْصَرَ وَمَا لِلّٰهِ لِلّٰهِ.

   ʔaʕṭū mā liqayṣara liqayṣara wamā lillāhi lillāhi.

   Render unto Caesar that which is Caesar's and unto God that which is God's.

Declension

Declension of proper noun قَيْصَر (qayṣar)

Singular	basic singular diptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	—	قَيْصَر qayṣar	—
Nominative	—	قَيْصَرُ qayṣaru	—
Accusative	—	قَيْصَرَ qayṣara	—
Genitive	—	قَيْصَرَ qayṣara	—

Noun

قَيْصَر • (qayṣar) m (plural قَيَاصِرَة (qayāṣira) or قَيَاصِر (qayāṣir), feminine قَيْصَرَة (qayṣara))

1. Caesar (an epithet of Roman emperors, seen as a generic title)

   الْقَيَاصِرَةُ الِٱثْنَا عَشَرَ ― al-qayāṣiratu al-iṯnā ʕašara ― The Twelve Caesars (Suetonius's De Vita Caesarum)

2. tsar, czar (title of Slavic monarchs)

   قَيْصَر رُوسْيَا ― qayṣar rūsyā ― the tsar

3. Kaiser (title of German emperors)
4. Kayser, Qaisar, Caesar (title of Ottoman Sultans after the conquest of Constantinople)

Declension

Declension of noun قَيْصَر (qayṣar)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	قَيْصَر qayṣar	الْقَيْصَر al-qayṣar	قَيْصَر qayṣar
Nominative	قَيْصَرٌ qayṣarun	الْقَيْصَرُ al-qayṣaru	قَيْصَرُ qayṣaru
Accusative	قَيْصَرًا qayṣaran	الْقَيْصَرَ al-qayṣara	قَيْصَرَ qayṣara
Genitive	قَيْصَرٍ qayṣarin	الْقَيْصَرِ al-qayṣari	قَيْصَرِ qayṣari
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	قَيْصَرَيْن qayṣarayn	الْقَيْصَرَيْن al-qayṣarayn	قَيْصَرَيْ qayṣaray
Nominative	قَيْصَرَانِ qayṣarāni	الْقَيْصَرَانِ al-qayṣarāni	قَيْصَرَا qayṣarā
Accusative	قَيْصَرَيْنِ qayṣarayni	الْقَيْصَرَيْنِ al-qayṣarayni	قَيْصَرَيْ qayṣaray
Genitive	قَيْصَرَيْنِ qayṣarayni	الْقَيْصَرَيْنِ al-qayṣarayni	قَيْصَرَيْ qayṣaray
Plural	broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a)‎; basic broken plural diptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	قَيَاصِرَة‎; قَيَاصِر qayāṣira‎; qayāṣir	الْقَيَاصِرَة‎; الْقَيَاصِر al-qayāṣira‎; al-qayāṣir	قَيَاصِرَة‎; قَيَاصِر qayāṣirat‎; qayāṣir
Nominative	قَيَاصِرَةٌ‎; قَيَاصِرُ qayāṣiratun‎; qayāṣiru	الْقَيَاصِرَةُ‎; الْقَيَاصِرُ al-qayāṣiratu‎; al-qayāṣiru	قَيَاصِرَةُ‎; قَيَاصِرُ qayāṣiratu‎; qayāṣiru
Accusative	قَيَاصِرَةً‎; قَيَاصِرَ qayāṣiratan‎; qayāṣira	الْقَيَاصِرَةَ‎; الْقَيَاصِرَ al-qayāṣirata‎; al-qayāṣira	قَيَاصِرَةَ‎; قَيَاصِرَ qayāṣirata‎; qayāṣira
Genitive	قَيَاصِرَةٍ‎; قَيَاصِرَ qayāṣiratin‎; qayāṣira	الْقَيَاصِرَةِ‎; الْقَيَاصِرِ al-qayāṣirati‎; al-qayāṣiri	قَيَاصِرَةِ‎; قَيَاصِرِ qayāṣirati‎; qayāṣiri

Derived terms

• قَيْصَرِيّ (qayṣariyy, “Caesarean, tsarist”)

Related terms

• كِسْرَى (kisrā)
• فِرْعَوْن (firʕawn)

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: qəysər
• → Northern Kurdish: qeyser, قەیسەر (qeyser)
• → Malay: قيصر, kaisar
  • Indonesian: kaisar
• → Classical Persian: قیصر (qaysar), قیاصره pl (qayâsira)
  • Tajik: қайсар (qaysar)
  • → Ottoman Turkish: قیصر (kayser), قیاصره pl (kayâsıra)
    • Turkish: kayser
  • → Hindustani:

    Hindi: क़ैसर (qaisar)

    Urdu: قَیصَر (qaisar)

  • → Punjabi:

    Gurmukhi script: ਕ਼ੈਸਰ (qaisar)

    Shahmukhi script: قَیصَر (qaiṣar)

• → Swahili: kaisari
• → Uzbek: qaysar

Malay

Noun

قيصر (plural قيصر-قيصر or قيصر۲, informal 1st possessive قيصرکو, 2nd possessive قيصرمو, 3rd possessive قيصرڽ)

1. Jawi spelling of kaisar‎