كشف

See also: کشف and ك ش ف

Arabic

Etymology 1

Root
ك ش ف (k š f)
12 terms

Verb

كَشَفَ • (kašafa) I (non-past يَكْشِفُ (yakšifu), verbal noun كَشْف (kašf) or كَشِفَة (kašifa))

1. to remove, to uncover, to reveal
2. to publish, to communicate
3. to expose
4. to investigate (the facts of a case)
5. to reconnoiter
6. to visit (عَلَى (ʕalā) a sick person)
7. (construed with عَن (ʕan)) to remove, to relieve, to lift off of or pick up something from another thing, to free or let out

Conjugation

    Conjugation of كَشَفَ (I, sound, a ~ i, full passive, verbal nouns كَشْف, كَشِفَة)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						كَشْف, كَشِفَة kašf, kašifa
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						كَاشِف kāšif
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَكْشُوف makšūf
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	كَشَفْتُ kašaftu	كَشَفْتَ kašafta	كَشَفَ kašafa		كَشَفْتُمَا kašaftumā	كَشَفَا kašafā		كَشَفْنَا kašafnā	كَشَفْتُمْ kašaftum	كَشَفُوا kašafū
	f		كَشَفْتِ kašafti	كَشَفَتْ kašafat			كَشَفَتَا kašafatā			كَشَفْتُنَّ kašaftunna	كَشَفْنَ kašafna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَكْشِفُ ʔakšifu	تَكْشِفُ takšifu	يَكْشِفُ yakšifu		تَكْشِفَانِ takšifāni	يَكْشِفَانِ yakšifāni		نَكْشِفُ nakšifu	تَكْشِفُونَ takšifūna	يَكْشِفُونَ yakšifūna
	f		تَكْشِفِينَ takšifīna	تَكْشِفُ takšifu			تَكْشِفَانِ takšifāni			تَكْشِفْنَ takšifna	يَكْشِفْنَ yakšifna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَكْشِفَ ʔakšifa	تَكْشِفَ takšifa	يَكْشِفَ yakšifa		تَكْشِفَا takšifā	يَكْشِفَا yakšifā		نَكْشِفَ nakšifa	تَكْشِفُوا takšifū	يَكْشِفُوا yakšifū
	f		تَكْشِفِي takšifī	تَكْشِفَ takšifa			تَكْشِفَا takšifā			تَكْشِفْنَ takšifna	يَكْشِفْنَ yakšifna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَكْشِفْ ʔakšif	تَكْشِفْ takšif	يَكْشِفْ yakšif		تَكْشِفَا takšifā	يَكْشِفَا yakšifā		نَكْشِفْ nakšif	تَكْشِفُوا takšifū	يَكْشِفُوا yakšifū
	f		تَكْشِفِي takšifī	تَكْشِفْ takšif			تَكْشِفَا takšifā			تَكْشِفْنَ takšifna	يَكْشِفْنَ yakšifna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِكْشِفْ ikšif			اِكْشِفَا ikšifā				اِكْشِفُوا ikšifū
	f		اِكْشِفِي ikšifī							اِكْشِفْنَ ikšifna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	كُشِفْتُ kušiftu	كُشِفْتَ kušifta	كُشِفَ kušifa		كُشِفْتُمَا kušiftumā	كُشِفَا kušifā		كُشِفْنَا kušifnā	كُشِفْتُمْ kušiftum	كُشِفُوا kušifū
	f		كُشِفْتِ kušifti	كُشِفَتْ kušifat			كُشِفَتَا kušifatā			كُشِفْتُنَّ kušiftunna	كُشِفْنَ kušifna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُكْشَفُ ʔukšafu	تُكْشَفُ tukšafu	يُكْشَفُ yukšafu		تُكْشَفَانِ tukšafāni	يُكْشَفَانِ yukšafāni		نُكْشَفُ nukšafu	تُكْشَفُونَ tukšafūna	يُكْشَفُونَ yukšafūna
	f		تُكْشَفِينَ tukšafīna	تُكْشَفُ tukšafu			تُكْشَفَانِ tukšafāni			تُكْشَفْنَ tukšafna	يُكْشَفْنَ yukšafna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُكْشَفَ ʔukšafa	تُكْشَفَ tukšafa	يُكْشَفَ yukšafa		تُكْشَفَا tukšafā	يُكْشَفَا yukšafā		نُكْشَفَ nukšafa	تُكْشَفُوا tukšafū	يُكْشَفُوا yukšafū
	f		تُكْشَفِي tukšafī	تُكْشَفَ tukšafa			تُكْشَفَا tukšafā			تُكْشَفْنَ tukšafna	يُكْشَفْنَ yukšafna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُكْشَفْ ʔukšaf	تُكْشَفْ tukšaf	يُكْشَفْ yukšaf		تُكْشَفَا tukšafā	يُكْشَفَا yukšafā		نُكْشَفْ nukšaf	تُكْشَفُوا tukšafū	يُكْشَفُوا yukšafū
	f		تُكْشَفِي tukšafī	تُكْشَفْ tukšaf			تُكْشَفَا tukšafā			تُكْشَفْنَ tukšafna	يُكْشَفْنَ yukšafna

References

• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “كشف”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[1], London: W.H. Allen

Etymology 2

Noun

كَشْف • (kašf) m

1. verbal noun of كَشَفَ (kašafa) (form I)

Declension

Declension of noun كَشْف (kašf)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	كَشْف kašf	الْكَشْف al-kašf	كَشْف kašf
Nominative	كَشْفٌ kašfun	الْكَشْفُ al-kašfu	كَشْفُ kašfu
Accusative	كَشْفًا kašfan	الْكَشْفَ al-kašfa	كَشْفَ kašfa
Genitive	كَشْفٍ kašfin	الْكَشْفِ al-kašfi	كَشْفِ kašfi

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: kəşf
• → Northern Kurdish: keşf
• → Ottoman Turkish: كشف (keşf, keşif)
  • Turkish: keşif
  • → Armenian: քէշֆ (kʻēšf), քէֆշ (kʻēfš)
• → Persian: کشف (kašf)
• → Swahili: kashfa
• → Tatar: кәшеф (käşef), käşef
• → Uyghur: كەشپ (keshp)
• → Uzbek: kashf

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic كَشْف (kašf, “discovery”).

Noun

كشف • (keşf or keşif) (definite accusative كشفی (keşfi), plural كشفیات (keşfiyyât))

1. revelation, exposure, disclosure, the act of exposing or uncovering something, such as a scandal
2. discovery, finding, unearthing, the act or instance of discovering or finding something new by chance
3. investigation, inquiry, quest, an especially patient or thorough examination in order to ascertain facts
4. (finance) valuation, estimating, the determination of the economic value, worth, or price of something
5. (military) reconnaissance, recon, the act of scouting or exploring by military forces to gain information

Derived terms

• كشف ایتمك (keşf etmek, “to uncover”)
• كشف دفتری (keşif defteri, “cost estimate”)
• كشف عورت (keşf-i ʼâvret, “indecent exposure”)
• كشف غیوب (keşf-i guyub, “oneiromancy”)
• كشف محلی (keşf-i mahalli, “home visit”)
• كشفنامه (keşifnâme, “verbal process”)

 

Descendants

• Turkish: keşif
• → Armenian: քէշֆ (kʻēšf), քէֆշ (kʻēfš)

Further reading

click to expand

• Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1886) “كشف”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume II, Paris: E. Leroux, page 632
• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “keşif”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 2578
• Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “keşf”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎^[2] (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 612
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “كشف”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[3], Constantinople: Mihran, page 1029
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Manifestatio”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[4], Vienna, column 1002
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “كشف”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[5], Vienna, column 3966
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “keşif”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “كشف”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[6], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1552

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Persian کشف (kašaf, “tortoise, turtle”), from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (kšwk' /⁠kašawag⁠/, “tortoise”), ultimately from Proto-Iranian *kacyápah.

Noun

كشف • (keşef) (definite accusative كشفی (keşefi), plural كشفلر (keşefler))

1. tortoise, turtle, terrapin, any reptile of the order Testudines, characterised by a protective shell enclosing its body

   Synonyms: طوسبغه (tosbağa), قاپلو بغه (kaplı bağa)

2. (astrology) Cancer, the zodiac sign for the crab, ruled by the Moon and covering June 22–July 22 or July 16–August 15

Descendants

• Turkish: keşef

Further reading

click to expand

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “keşef”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 2577
• Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “keşef”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎^[7] (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 612
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Testudo”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[8], Vienna, column 1669
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “كشف”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[9], Vienna, column 3967
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “كشف”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[10], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1552

South Levantine Arabic

Root
ك ش ف
2 terms

Etymology

From Arabic كَشَفَ (kašafa).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ka.ʃaf/, [ˈka.ʃaf]

• Audio (al-Lidd):

  (file)

Verb

كشف • (kašaf) I (present بكشف (bikšif))

1. to reveal, to expose, to uncover
2. to discover

Conjugation

Conjugation of كشف (kašaf)
		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	كشفت (kašaft)	كشفت (kašaft)	كشف (kašaf)		كشفنا (kašafna)	كشفتو (kašaftu)	كشفو (kašafu)
	f		كشفتي (kašafti)	كشفت (kašfat)
present	m	بكشف (bakšif)	بتكشف (btikšif)	بكشف (bikšif)		منكشف (mnikšif)	بتكشفو (btikšifu)	بكشفو (bikšifu)
	f		بتكشفي (btikšifi)	بتكشف (btikšif)
subjunctive	m	أكشف (ʔakšif)	تكشف (tikšif)	يكشف (yikšif)		نكشف (nikšif)	تكشفو (tikšifu)	يكشفو (yikšifu)
	f		تكشفي (tikšifi)	تكشف (tikšif)
imperative	m		اكشف (ikšif)				اكشفو (ikšifu)
	f		اكشفي (ikšifi)