لاجورد

Chagatai

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian لاجورد.

Noun

لاجورد (transliteration needed)

1. lapis lazuli
2. azure

Descendants

• Uyghur: لاجىۋەرد (lajiwerd)
• Uzbek: lojuvard

References

• [1]

Ottoman Turkish

لاجورد

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian لاجورد (lâjvard, “lapis lazuli”).

Noun

لاجورد • (lâcverd, laciverd)

1. lapis lazuli, a deep-blue stone, used in making jewelry
2. azure, the blue colour of the sky on a clear day

   azure:  

Derived terms

• لاجوردی (lâcverdi, laciverdi, “of the color of lapis lazuli”)

Descendants

• Turkish: lacivert
• → Armenian: լաճիվէրտ (lačivērt) — Constantinople

Further reading

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “lacivert”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 2922
• Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “لاجورد”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎^[2], Vienna: F. Beck, page 409a
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “لاجورد”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[3], Constantinople: Mihran, page 1071
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Cyanus”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[4], Vienna, column 318
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “لاجورد”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[5], Vienna, column 4127
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “lacivert”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “لاجورد”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[6], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1619

Pashto

Noun

لاجورد • (transliteration needed) ?

1. (mineralogy) lapis lazuli

Further reading

• [7]

Persian

FWOTD – 1 July 2014

Alternative forms

• لاژورد (lâžvard, lâžavard)
• لازورد (lâzvard, lâzavard)

Etymology

لاجورد بدخشی

Usually considered to be from the place name لاژورد (Lāžvard) in Badakhshan where the stone was mined.

The first component, لاژ, is from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“green”) and cognate to Old Irish glas.

But according to Bailey, the second component goes back to Proto-Iranian *varta- (“stone”) and is cognate with Wakhi wurt (“stone”), Northern Kurdish ber (“stone”), Central Kurdish بەرد (berd, “stone”), Northern Luri بٱرد (bard, “stone”), Khotanese [script needed] (ūḍāra-, “crystal”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wel- (“to press together”), for which Pokorny cites Ancient Greek εἴλω (eílō, “to roll up, pack close”), Latin vulgus (“the public; a crowd”), and Proto-Slavic *vȃlъ (“roll; wave; barrage, heap”) as cognates.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [lɑːd͡ʒ.ˈwaɾð], [lɑː.d͡ʒa.ˈwaɾð]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [lɑːd͡ʒ.wǽɹd̪], [lɑː.d͡ʒä.wǽɹd̪]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [lɑːd͡ʒ.wǽɹd̪], [lɑː.d͡ʒä.wǽɹd̪]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [lɑːd͡ʒ.wǽɹd̪], [lɑː.d͡ʒä.wǽɹd̪]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [lɔːd͡ʒ.wǽɹd̪̥], [lɔː.d͡ʒä.wǽɹd̪̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [lɒːd͡ʒ.vǽɹd̪̥], [lɒː.d͡ʒe.vǽɹd̪̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [lɔd͡ʒ.vǽɹd̪], [lɔ.d͡ʒä.vǽɹd̪]

Readings
Classical reading?	lājward, lājaward
Dari reading?	lājward, lājaward
Iranian reading?	lâjvard, lâjevard
Tajik reading?	lojvard, lojavard

Noun

لاجورد • (lâjvard, lâjavard)

1. (mineralogy) lapis lazuli
   • 982, Hudūd al-'Ālam

     و اندر بدخشان معدن سیم است و زر و بیجاده و لاجورد.

     va andar badaxšân ma'dan-i sêm ast u zar u bîjâda u lâjavard.

     and in Badakhshan there are mines of silver, gold, ruby, and lapis lazuli.

2. azure, lapis lazuli (color)

   Synonym: لاجوردی (lâjvardi)

Derived terms

• لاجوردی (lâjvardi)

Descendants

• Malay: lazuardi (لازواردي)
  • Indonesian: lazuardi
• Tajik: ложвард (ložvard), лоҷвард (lojvard), лоҷувард (lojuvard)
• → Arabic: لَازَوَرْد (lāzaward)
  • →⇒ Byzantine Greek: λαζούριον (lazoúrion), λαζούριν (lazoúrin)
    • Greek: λαζούρι (lazoúri), λαζούριον (lazoúrion)
    • →⇒ Coptic: ⲁ̀ⲥⲓⲗⲱⲛ (àsilōn)
  • → Medieval Latin: lazulum, lapis lazuli, lazurius, lazurium, lazur, azzurum, azura, azolum
    • → English: lapis lazuli
    • → Italian: azzurro
    • → Middle High German: lāsūr, lāzūr
      • German: Lazur
      • → Czech: lazur
      • → Polish: lazur
        • → Russian: лазу́рь (lazúrʹ)
    • → Old French: azur
      • French: azur
      • → Middle English: asure, asur, asour, azur, azour, azure
        • English: azure
        • Scots: asure
        • → Welsh: asur
      • → Portuguese: azur
      • → Spanish: azur
    • → Old Galician-Portuguese: azur
      • Galician: azul
      • Portuguese: azul
    • → Old Spanish: azur
      • Spanish: azul
• → Azerbaijani: lacivərd
• → Chagatai: لاجورد
  • Uyghur: لاجىۋەرد (lajiwerd)
  • Uzbek: lojuvard
• → Classical Syriac: ܠܐܙܘܪܕ (lāʾzward), ܠܙܘܪܕ (lāzward)
• → English: lajvard
• → Georgian: ლაჟვარდი (lažvardi), ლაჟვარდოვანი (lažvardovani)
• → Gujarati: લાજવર્દ (lājvard)
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: लाजवर्द (lājvard)

  Urdu: لاجورد (lājavard, lājvard), لاژورد (lāžuvard, lāžvard)

  • → English: lajward
• → Kurdish:
  • Central Kurdish: لاجەوەرد (lacewerd), لاجیوەرد (lacîwerd)
  • Northern Kurdish: lacwerd, laciwerd, lajwerd, lajiwerd
• → Middle Armenian: լազուարթ (lazuartʻ), լազվարդ (lazvard), լազուվարդ (lazuvard), լազուարդ (lazuard), լազուար (lazuar), լաժուարդ (lažuard), լաժուրդ (lažurd), լաջուարդ (laǰuard), լաջվարդ (laǰvard), լաճվարդ (lačvard), լաճվարտ (lačvart), լաճիվարդ (lačivard), լաճուարտ (lačuart),
  • Armenian: լաջվարդ (laǰvard)
• → Ottoman Turkish: لاجورد (lâceverd), لاژورد (lâjverd)
  • Turkish: lacivert
• → Punjabi:
  • Gurmukhi script: ਲਾਜਵਰਦ (lājward)
  • Shahmukhi script: لاجورد (lājward)
• → Sanskrit: राजावर्त (rājāvarta), लाजवर्त (lājavarta), राजपट्ट (rājapaṭṭa)
  • → Sogdian: [script needed] (rʾcβrt /⁠rājβart⁠/), [script needed] (rʾzβrt /⁠rājwart⁠/, “Rajwart (name of the king of elephants)”)
• → Sindhi: لاجَوَرْدُ

References

• Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1973) “լազուարթ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume II, Yerevan: University Press, pages 256–257
• Pokorny, Julius (1959) “³u̯el-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1138
• Bailey, H. W. (1979) “ūḍāra-”, in Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 36b
• Lokotsch, Karl (1927) Etymologisches Wörterbuch der europäischen Wörter orientalischen Ursprungs (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, § 1311, page 104b
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1976) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎^[8] (in German), volume III, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 51
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[9] (in German), volume III, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 427

Punjabi

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian لاجورد.

Noun

لاجْوَرْد • (lājvard) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਲਾਜਵਰਦ)

1. (mineralogy) lapis lazuli
2. azure (color)

Related terms

• لاجْوَرْدِی (lājvardī)

Sindhi

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian لاجورد.

Noun

لاجَوَرْدُ • (lājavardu) ?

1. (mineralogy) lapis lazuli
2. azure (color)

Further reading

• Parmanand, Mewaram (1910) “لاجَوَرْدُ”, in Sindhi-English Dictionary, Hyderabad, Sindh: The Sind Juvenile Co-operative Society
• “لاجورد”, in Sindhi-English Dictionary, University of Chicago: Center for Language Engineering, Pakistan, 1866–1938

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian لاجورد.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /lɑːd͡ʒ.ʋəɾd̪/

Noun

لاجْوَرْد • (lājvard) m (Hindi spelling लाजवर्द)

1. (mineralogy) lapis lazuli
2. azure (color)

Related terms

• لاجوردی (lājvardī)

Further reading

• “لاجورد”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.