مقدس

Arabic

Etymology 1

ِApparently an irregular noun of place from قَدُسَ (qadusa, “to be holy”), occurring chiefly in an Arabic name for the Temple in Jerusalem, بَيْت المَقْدِس (bayt al-maqdis, “The House of the Holy Place”), with the regular form being مَقْدَس (maqdas). Compare مَطْلَع (maṭlaʕ, “rising place”) and its irregular variant, مَطْلِع (maṭliʕ). Compare also the irregular مَنْكِب (mankib, “shoulder-joint”), a derivation that Sībawayh, however, suspected to be a name for this body part rather than a noun of place.

Compare with Aramaic מַקְדְּשָׁא (maqdəšā), Hebrew מִקְדָּשׁ (miqdāsh), Punic 𐤌𐤉𐤒𐤃𐤔 (myqdš).

Noun

مَقْدِس • (maqdis) m

1. a holy place; a sanctuary

Declension

Declension of noun مَقْدِس (maqdis)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	مَقْدِس maqdis	الْمَقْدِس al-maqdis	مَقْدِس maqdis
Nominative	مَقْدِسٌ maqdisun	الْمَقْدِسُ al-maqdisu	مَقْدِسُ maqdisu
Accusative	مَقْدِسًا maqdisan	الْمَقْدِسَ al-maqdisa	مَقْدِسَ maqdisa
Genitive	مَقْدِسٍ maqdisin	الْمَقْدِسِ al-maqdisi	مَقْدِسِ maqdisi

Etymology 2

Root
ق د س (q d s)
9 terms

Derived from the passive participle of قَدَّسَ (qaddasa, “to sanctify, to make holy, to consecrate”).

Adjective

مُقَدَّس • (muqaddas) (feminine مُقَدَّسَة (muqaddasa), masculine plural مُقَدَّسُونَ (muqaddasūna), feminine plural مُقَدَّسَات (muqaddasāt))

1. sacred, holy
2. sanctified
3. consecrated

Declension

Declension of adjective مُقَدَّس (muqaddas)

Singular	Masculine		Feminine
	basic singular triptote		singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	مُقَدَّس muqaddas	الْمُقَدَّس al-muqaddas	مُقَدَّسَة muqaddasa	الْمُقَدَّسَة al-muqaddasa
Nominative	مُقَدَّسٌ muqaddasun	الْمُقَدَّسُ al-muqaddasu	مُقَدَّسَةٌ muqaddasatun	الْمُقَدَّسَةُ al-muqaddasatu
Accusative	مُقَدَّسًا muqaddasan	الْمُقَدَّسَ al-muqaddasa	مُقَدَّسَةً muqaddasatan	الْمُقَدَّسَةَ al-muqaddasata
Genitive	مُقَدَّسٍ muqaddasin	الْمُقَدَّسِ al-muqaddasi	مُقَدَّسَةٍ muqaddasatin	الْمُقَدَّسَةِ al-muqaddasati
Dual	Masculine		Feminine
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	مُقَدَّسَيْن muqaddasayn	الْمُقَدَّسَيْن al-muqaddasayn	مُقَدَّسَتَيْن muqaddasatayn	الْمُقَدَّسَتَيْن al-muqaddasatayn
Nominative	مُقَدَّسَانِ muqaddasāni	الْمُقَدَّسَانِ al-muqaddasāni	مُقَدَّسَتَانِ muqaddasatāni	الْمُقَدَّسَتَانِ al-muqaddasatāni
Accusative	مُقَدَّسَيْنِ muqaddasayni	الْمُقَدَّسَيْنِ al-muqaddasayni	مُقَدَّسَتَيْنِ muqaddasatayni	الْمُقَدَّسَتَيْنِ al-muqaddasatayni
Genitive	مُقَدَّسَيْنِ muqaddasayni	الْمُقَدَّسَيْنِ al-muqaddasayni	مُقَدَّسَتَيْنِ muqaddasatayni	الْمُقَدَّسَتَيْنِ al-muqaddasatayni
Plural	Masculine		Feminine
	sound masculine plural		sound feminine plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	مُقَدَّسِين muqaddasīn	الْمُقَدَّسِين al-muqaddasīn	مُقَدَّسَات muqaddasāt	الْمُقَدَّسَات al-muqaddasāt
Nominative	مُقَدَّسُونَ muqaddasūna	الْمُقَدَّسُونَ al-muqaddasūna	مُقَدَّسَاتٌ muqaddasātun	الْمُقَدَّسَاتُ al-muqaddasātu
Accusative	مُقَدَّسِينَ muqaddasīna	الْمُقَدَّسِينَ al-muqaddasīna	مُقَدَّسَاتٍ muqaddasātin	الْمُقَدَّسَاتِ al-muqaddasāti
Genitive	مُقَدَّسِينَ muqaddasīna	الْمُقَدَّسِينَ al-muqaddasīna	مُقَدَّسَاتٍ muqaddasātin	الْمُقَدَّسَاتِ al-muqaddasāti

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: müqəddəs
• → Bashkir: мөҡәддәс (möqəddəs)
• → Chagatai: مقدس
  • Uyghur: مۇقەددەس (muqeddes)
  • Uzbek: muqaddas
• → Classical Persian: مُقَدَّس (muqaddas)
  • → Bengali: মুকদ্দস (mukoddoś)
  • → Hindustani:
    • Hindi: मुक़द्दस (muqaddas)
    • Urdu: مُقَدَّس (muqaddas)
  • → Punjabi:
    • Gurmukhi script: ਮੁਕ਼ੱਦਸ (muqaddas)
    • Shahmukhi script: مُقَدَّس (muqaddas)
  • → Sindhi:
    • Devanagari script: मुक़दस
    • Arabic script: مُقَدَّسُ
• → Ottoman Turkish: مقدس (mukaddes)
  • Turkish: mukaddes
• → Tatar: мөкаддәс (mökaddäs)
• → Turkmen: mukaddes

References

• Wehr, Hans (1979) “قدس”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Azerbaijani

Adjective

مقدس

1. Arabic spelling of müqəddəs

Chagatai

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic مُقَدَّس (muqaddas).

Adjective

مقدس (transliteration needed)

1. holy

Descendants

• Uyghur: مۇقەددەس (muqeddes)
• Uzbek: muqaddas

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic مُقَدَّس (muqaddas, “holy, sacred”).

Adjective

مقدس • (mukaddes)

1. holy, sacred, godly, characterized by solemn religious ceremony or dedicated to a religious purpose

   Synonyms: شریف (şerif), عزیز (ʼazîz), مبارك (mübârek)

2. sanctified, hallowed, consecrated, made holy by some procedure, set aside for sacred or ceremonial use

Derived terms

• آرض مقدسه (arz-ı mukaddes, “the Holy Land”)
• اتفاق مقدس (ittifâk-ı mukaddes, “the Holy Alliance”)
• بیت مقدس (beyt-i mukaddes, “the Temple of Jerusalem”)

 

Descendants

• Turkish: mukaddes

Further reading

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “mukaddes”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 3295
• Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “mukaddes”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎^[1] (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 809
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “مقدس”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[2], Constantinople: Mihran, page 1208
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Sanctus”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[3], Vienna, column 1507
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “مقدس”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[4], Vienna, column 4833
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “mukaddes”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “مقدس”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[5], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1941

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic مُقَدَّس (muqaddas).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [mu.qað.das]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [mʊ.qäd̪.d̪äs]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [mʊ.qäd̪.d̪äs]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [mʊ.qäd̪.d̪äs]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [mu.qäd̪.d̪äs]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [mo.ʁæd̪.d̪æs]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [mu.qäd̪.d̪äs]

Readings
Classical reading?	muqaḏḏas
Dari reading?	muqaddas
Iranian reading?	moğaddas
Tajik reading?	muqaddas

Adjective

Dari	مقدس
Iranian Persian
Tajik	муқаддас

مقدس • (moqaddas)

1. holy, sacred
   • c. 1390, Hafez, “Ghazal 452”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divan of Hafez]‎^[6]:

     هزار جان مقدس بسوخت زین غیرت
     که هر صباح و مسا شمع مجلس دگری

     hazār jān-i muqaddas bisōxt z-īn ğayrat
     ki har sabāh u masā šam'-i majlis-i digar-ī

     A thousand holy souls have burned from jealousy,
     Since you are the candle of a different crowd every morning and evening.

     (Classical Persian romanization)

Descendants

• → Bengali: মুকদ্দস (mukoddoś)
• → Hindustani:
  • Hindi: मुक़द्दस (muqaddas)
  • Urdu: مُقَدَّس (muqaddas)
• → Punjabi:
  • Gurmukhi script: ਮੁਕ਼ੱਦਸ (muqaddas)
  • Shahmukhi script: مُقَدَّس (muqaddas)
• → Sindhi:
  • Devanagari script: मुक़दस
  • Arabic script: مُقَدَّسُ

Further reading

• Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “مقدس”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
• Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “مقدس”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press

South Levantine Arabic

Root
ق د س
2 terms

Etymology

From Arabic مُقَدَّس (muqaddas).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Urban) /mʔad.das/, [ˈmʔad.das]
• IPA^(key): (Bedouin) /mɡad.das/, [ˈmɡad.das]

• Audio (Ramallah):

  (file)

Adjective

مقدّس • (mʔaddas) (feminine مقدّسة (mʔaddse))

1. sacred, holy

   Synonym: حرام (ḥarām)

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic مُقَدَّس (muqaddas).

Etymology 1

Adjective

مقدس • (muqaddas) (Hindi spelling मुक़द्दस)

1. holy, sacred

Etymology 2

Noun

مقدس • (muqaddas) m (formal plural مقدسین, Hindi spelling मुक़द्दस)

1. (Christianity) saint (chiefly used by Urdu & Punjabi speaking Christians for their saints)

   مقدس یوحنا رسول۔

   muqaddas yuhanna rasul.

   Saint John the Apostle.

See also

• مقدسہ (muqaddasā)