ܩܕܡ

See also: ܩܪܡ

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

Etymology 1

Root
ܩ ܕ ܡ (q d m)
9 terms

From Aramaic קְדַם (qəḏam); related to Arabic قَدَمَ (qadama) and Hebrew קָדַם (kadám).

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [qɑːðemː]
• (Nineveh Plains) IPA^(key): [qɑːðɪmː]
• (Urmia) IPA^(key): [qɑːdɪmː]

Verb

ܩܵܕ݂ܹܡ • (qāḏēm)

1. to precede, to come before

Conjugation

Conjugation of ܩܵܕ݂ܹܡ

present participle	ܩܕ݂ܵܡܵܐ (qḏāmā)
verbal noun	ܩܕ݂ܵܡܵܐ (qḏāmā)
		singular				plural
past participle	m	ܩܕ݂ܝܼܡܵܐ (qḏīmā)				ܩܕ݂ܝܼܡܹ̈ܐ (qḏīmē)
	f	ܩܕ݂ܝܼܡܬܵܐ (qḏīmtā)
agent noun	m	ܩܵܕ݂ܘܿܡܵܐ (qāḏōmā)				ܩܵܕ݂ܘܿܡܹ̈ܐ (qāḏōmē)
	f	ܩܵܕ݂ܘܿܡܬܵܐ (qāḏōmtā)				ܩܵܕ݂ܘܿܡܝ̈ܵܬ݂ܵܐ (qāḏōmyāṯā)
instance noun		ܩܕ݂ܵܡܬܵܐ (qḏāmtā)				ܩܕ݂ܵܡ̈ܝܵܬ݂ܵܐ (qḏāmyāṯā)
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	ܩܕ݂ܝܼܡ ܠܝܼ (qḏīm lī)	ܩܕ݂ܝܼܡ ܠܘܼܟ݂ (qḏīm lūḵ)	ܩܕ݂ܝܼܡ ܠܹܗ (qḏīm lēh)	ܩܕ݂ܝܼܡ ܠܲܢ (qḏīm lan)	ܩܕ݂ܝܼܡ ܠܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (qḏīm lāwḵōn)	ܩܕ݂ܝܼܡ ܠܗܘܿܢ (qḏīm lhōn)
	f		ܩܕ݂ܝܼܡ ܠܵܟ݂ܝ (qḏīm lāḵ)	ܩܕ݂ܝܼܡ ܠܵܗ̇ (qḏīm lāh)
non-past	m	ܩܵܕ݂ܡܹܢ (qāḏmēn)	ܩܵܕ݂ܡܹܬ (qāḏmēt)	ܩܵܕ݂ܹܡ (qāḏēm)	ܩܵܕ݂ܡܲܚ (qāḏmaḥ)	ܩܵܕ݂ܡܝܼܬܘܿܢ (qāḏmītōn)	ܩܵܕ݂ܡܝܼ (qāḏmī)
	f	ܩܵܕ݂ܡܵܢ (qāḏmān)	ܩܵܕ݂ܡܵܬܝ (qāḏmāt)	ܩܵܕ݂ܡܵܐ (qāḏmā)
imperative	m		ܩܕ݂ܘܿܡ (qḏōm)			ܩܕ݂ܘܿܡܘܼܢ (qḏōmūn)
	f		ܩܕ݂ܘܿܡܝ (qḏōm)
passive past	m	ܩܕ݂ܝܼܡܸܢ (qḏīmin)	ܩܕ݂ܝܼܡܸܬ (qḏīmit)	ܩܕ݂ܝܼܡ (qḏīm)	ܩܕ݂ܝܼܡܸܚ (qḏīmiḥ)	ܩܕ݂ܝܼܡܝܼܬܘܿܢ (qḏīmītōn)	ܩܕ݂ܝܼܡܝܼ (qḏīmī)
	f	ܩܕ݂ܝܼܡܲܢ (qḏīman)	ܩܕ݂ܝܼܡܲܬܝ (qḏīmat)	ܩܕ݂ܝܼܡܵܐ (qḏīmā)

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Derived terms

• ܡܩܲܕܸܡ (mqaddim)

Etymology 2

Root
ܩ ܕ ܡ (q d m)
9 terms

Picture dictionary

ܩܕܡ

ܠܥܸܠ ܡ̣ܢ

ܠܬܸܚܬ ܡ̣ܢ

ܓܲܘ

ܩܵܕ݇ܡ

ܒܵܬ݂ܲܪ

ܥܲܠ

ܓܹܢ݇ܒ/

ܠܟܸܣ

ܬ݇ܚܘܿܬ݂

ܒܹܝܢ

Prepositions of location

From Aramaic קֳדָם (qŏḏām); related to Hebrew קֹדֶם (kódem), Akkadian 𒁾𒊕 (qudmu [DUB.SAG]) and Arabic قُدَّامَ (quddāma).

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [qam.]

Preposition

ܩܵܕ݇ܡ or ܩܕ݂ܵܡ • (qām or qḏām)

1. before, in advance of, prior to

   ܥܪܘܿܩ ܩܵܕ݇ܡ ܡ̣ܢ ܕܡܵܛܹܐ ― ˁrōq qām min dmāṭē ― Flee before he arrives

   ܕܲܩܝܼܩܵܐ ܡ̣ܢ ܩܵܕ݇ܡ ܫܘܼܠܵܡܵܐ ― daqīqā min qām šullāmā ― A minute before the end

   ܐܵܢܵܐ ܐܵܙܹܠ݇ܢ ܩܲܕ݇ܡܵܝܵܐ ܩܵܕ݇ܡ ܡܸܢܵܗ̇ ― ānā āzēn qammāyā qām minnāh ― I go first before her

2. before, in front of, facing

   ܨܠܝܼ ܩܵܕ݇ܡ ܝܵܡܵܐ ― ṣlī qām yāmā ― Go down in front of the sea

   ܟܹܐ ܡܵܘܕܹܝܢ ܩܵܕ݇ܡܘܼܟ݂ ― kē māwdēn qāmūḵ ― I give thanks before you

3. ago

   ܩܵܕ݇ܡ ܬܪܹܝܢ ܝܵܘܡܵܢܹ̈ܐ ― qām trēn yāwmānē ― Two days ago

   ܐ݇ܙܝܼܠ ܠܹܗ ܩܵܕ݇ܡ ܚܲܡܸܫ ܫܵܥܹ̈ܐ ― zīl lēh qām ḥammiš šāˁē ― He left 5 hours ago

Usage notes

• When taking pronouns, the temporal sense uses the form ܩܵܕ݇ܡ ܡܸܢ- ― qām min-, for example ܩܵܕ݇ܡ ܡܸܢܹܗ ― qām minnēh ― Before him (temporally). However, the spatial sense attaches pronouns to ܩܵܕ݇ܡ itself, for example, ܩܵܕ݇ܡܹܗ ― qāmēh ― In front of him, before him (spatially).
• The English adverb and preposition before is translated as ܩܵܕ݇ܡ ܗܵܕܲܟ݂ (qām hādaḵ) or a phrase like ܩܵܕ݇ܡ ܥܸܕܵܢܵܐ (qām ˁiddānā, literally “before (this) time”) or ܩܵܕ݇ܡ ܐܵܕܝܼܵܐ (qām ādīyā, literally “before now”) used as an adverb.

  ܗܸܟ̃ ܠܹܐ ܝܘܸܢ ܥܒ݂ܝܼܕ݂ܵܐ ܗܵܢܵܐ ܩܵܕ݇ܡ ܥܸܕܵܢܵܐ ― hič lē ìwen ˁḇīḏā hānā qām ˁiddānā ― I have never done this before

Inflection

Inflection of ܩܵܕ݇ܡ

base form			ܩܵܕ݇ܡ (qām)
Personal-pronoun including forms
	singular		plural
	m	f
1st person	ܩܵܕ݇ܡܝܼ (qāmī)		ܩܵܕ݇ܡܲܢ (qāman)
2nd person	ܩܵܕ݇ܡܘܼܟ݂ (qāmūḵ)	ܩܵܕ݇ܡܵܟ݂ܝ (qāmāḵ)	ܩܵܕ݇ܡܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (qāmāwḵōn)
3rd person	ܩܵܕ݇ܡܹܗ (qāmēh)	ܩܵܕ݇ܡܵܗ̇ (qāmāh)	ܩܵܕ݇ܡܗܘܿܢ (qāmhōn)

Antonyms

• ܒܵܬ݇ܪ (bār)

Derived terms

• ܩܵܕ݇ܡ ܦܲܐܲܬ݂ (qām paˀaṯ)
• ܩܵܕ݇ܡ ܡܫܝܼܚܵܐ (qām mšīḥā, “BC, BCE”, literally “before Christ”)

Classical Syriac

Etymology 1

From the root ܩ-ܕ-ܡ (q-d-m) related to preceding. Compare Arabic قَدَمَ (qadama) and Hebrew קָדַם (qāḏam).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [q(ə)ðam]

Verb

ܩܕܡ • (transliteration needed)

1. to precede, to come before

Etymology 2

From the root ܩ-ܕ-ܡ (q-d-m) related to preceding. Compare Akkadian 𒁾𒊕 (qudmu [DUB.SAG]) and Hebrew קֹדֶם (qṓḏem).

Alternative forms

• ܩܕܝܡ

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [q(ə)ðɑm]

Conjunction

ܩܕܡ • (transliteration needed)

1. before

Preposition

ܩܕܡ • (transliteration needed)

1. before, in front of
2. among, in the presence of
3. against

Inflection

Takes type-II suffixes.

Inflection of ܩܕܡ

person	singular		plural
	m	f	m	f
1st person	ܩܕܡܝ		ܩܕܡܝܢ
2nd person	ܩܕܡܝܟ	ܩܕܡܝܟܝ	ܩܕܡܝܟܘܢ	ܩܕܡܝܟܝܢ
3rd person	ܩܕܡܘܗܝ	ܩܕܡܝܗ	ܩܕܡܝܗܘܢ	ܩܕܡܝܗܝܢ

Antonyms

• ܒܬܪ

References

• “qdm”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, p. 310a
• Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. 490b
• Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, p. 1318a-b