आत्मन्

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

त्मन् (tmán)

Alternative scripts

আত্মন্ (Assamese script)
ᬆᬢ᭄ᬫᬦ᭄ (Balinese script)
আত্মন্ (Bengali script)
𑰁𑰝𑰿𑰦𑰡𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀆𑀢𑁆𑀫𑀦𑁆 (Brahmi script)
အာတ္မန် (Burmese script)
આત્મન્ (Gujarati script)
ਆਤ੍ਮਨ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌆𑌤𑍍𑌮𑌨𑍍 (Grantha script)
ꦄꦴꦠ꧀ꦩꦤ꧀ (Javanese script)
𑂄𑂞𑂹𑂧𑂢𑂹 (Kaithi script)
ಆತ್ಮೝ (Kannada script)
អាត្មន៑ (Khmer script)
ອາຕ຺ມນ຺ (Lao script)
ആത്മന് (Malayalam script)
ᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᢠᠮᠠᠨ (Manchu script)
𑘁𑘝𑘿𑘦𑘡𑘿 (Modi script)
ᠠᢗᢐᠮᠠᠨ (Mongolian script)
𑦡𑦽𑧠𑧆𑧁𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
𑐁𑐟𑑂𑐩𑐣𑑂 (Newa script)
ଆତ୍ମନ୍ (Odia script)
ꢃꢡ꣄ꢪꢥ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
𑆄𑆠𑇀𑆩𑆤𑇀 (Sharada script)
𑖁𑖝𑖿𑖦𑖡𑖿 (Siddham script)
ආත‍්මන් (Sinhalese script)
𑩐𑩛𑩫 𑪙𑩴𑩯 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
𑚁𑚙𑚶𑚢𑚝𑚶 (Takri script)
ஆத்மந் (Tamil script)
ఆత్మౝ (Telugu script)
อาตฺมนฺ (Thai script)
ཨཱ་ཏྨ་ན྄ (Tibetan script)
𑒂𑒞𑓂𑒧𑒢𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
𑨀𑨊𑨙𑩇𑨢𑨝𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

आ- (ā-, “ad-”) +‎ अन् (an, “to breathe, respire”) +‎ -मन् (-man). From Proto-Indo-Aryan *HáHtmā, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HáHtmā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éh₁t-mō ~ *h₁h₁t-m̥nés (“breath, spirit”), from *h₁eh₁t- (“to breathe”) +‎ *-mō. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *ēþmô (“breath”), Proto-Tocharian *āñcäme (“wish, self, soul”).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɑːt.mɐ́n/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈɑːt̪.mɐn̪/

Noun

आत्मन् • (ātmán) stem, m (root अन्)

breath (RV.)
soul, life (RV., AV., etc.)
self, ego
nature, character
a person as a whole, as opposed to their parts (VS., ŚBr.)
body
mind, understanding
the world-soul
effort (L.)
firmness (L.)
sun (L.)
fire (L.)
son (L.)

Declension

Masculine an-stem declension of आत्मन् (ātmán)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	आत्मा ātmā́	आत्मानौ / आत्माना¹ ātmā́nau / ātmā́nā¹	आत्मानः ātmā́naḥ
Vocative	आत्मन् ā́tman	आत्मानौ / आत्माना¹ ā́tmānau / ā́tmānā¹	आत्मानः ā́tmānaḥ
Accusative	आत्मानम् ātmā́nam	आत्मानौ / आत्माना¹ ātmā́nau / ātmā́nā¹	आत्मनः ātmánaḥ
Instrumental	आत्मना ātmánā	आत्मभ्याम् ātmábhyām	आत्मभिः ātmábhiḥ
Dative	आत्मने ātmáne	आत्मभ्याम् ātmábhyām	आत्मभ्यः ātmábhyaḥ
Ablative	आत्मनः ātmánaḥ	आत्मभ्याम् ātmábhyām	आत्मभ्यः ātmábhyaḥ
Genitive	आत्मनः ātmánaḥ	आत्मनोः ātmánoḥ	आत्मनाम् ātmánām
Locative	आत्मनि / आत्मन्¹ ātmáni / ātmán¹	आत्मनोः ātmánoḥ	आत्मसु ātmásu
Notes	¹Vedic

Derived terms

आत्मभाव (ātmabhāva)
महात्मन् (mahātman)

Pronoun

आत्मन् • (ātmán)

(reflexive pronoun) a person in the predicate who is also the subject of the sentence

Declension

Masculine an-stem declension of आत्मन् (ātmán)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	आत्मा ātmā́	आत्मानौ / आत्माना¹ ātmā́nau / ātmā́nā¹	आत्मानः ātmā́naḥ
Vocative	आत्मन् ā́tman	आत्मानौ / आत्माना¹ ā́tmānau / ā́tmānā¹	आत्मानः ā́tmānaḥ
Accusative	आत्मानम् ātmā́nam	आत्मानौ / आत्माना¹ ātmā́nau / ātmā́nā¹	आत्मनः ātmánaḥ
Instrumental	आत्मना ātmánā	आत्मभ्याम् ātmábhyām	आत्मभिः ātmábhiḥ
Dative	आत्मने ātmáne	आत्मभ्याम् ātmábhyām	आत्मभ्यः ātmábhyaḥ
Ablative	आत्मनः ātmánaḥ	आत्मभ्याम् ātmábhyām	आत्मभ्यः ātmábhyaḥ
Genitive	आत्मनः ātmánaḥ	आत्मनोः ātmánoḥ	आत्मनाम् ātmánām
Locative	आत्मनि / आत्मन्¹ ātmáni / ātmán¹	आत्मनोः ātmánoḥ	आत्मसु ātmásu
Notes	¹Vedic

Borrowed terms

→ English: atman
→ Japanese: アートマン (ātoman)
→ Hindi: आत्मा (ātmā)
→ Korean: 아트만 (ateuman)
→ Marathi: आत्मा (ātmā)
→ Russian: а́тман (átman)
→ Spanish: atman
→ Telugu: ఆత్మ (ātma)
→ Tocharian B: ātmaṃttse

Descendants

Dardic:
- Domaaki: [script needed] (āpne)
- Indus Kohistani: [script needed] (amā̃)
- Kashmiri:
  - Sharada script: 𑆥𑆳𑆤 (pāna)
  - Devanagari script: पान (pān)
  - Arabic script: پان (pān)
- Kohistani Shina: [script needed] (toma)
- Shina: [script needed] (tomu)
- Torwali: [script needed] (pāe, “he”)
Helu Prakrit:
- Dhivehi: ތިމަން (timan̊)
- Sinhalese: අත (ata), තමා (tamā)
Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀅𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸 (appā)
- Early Assamese: আপন (apono, “own”), আপুনি (apuni, “self”)
  - Assamese: আপোন (apün, “own”), আপুনি (apuni, “you, self”)
- Old Bengali: অপা (apā, “self”)
- Bengali: আপন (apon), আপনি (apni, “you”)
- Maithili: अपनि (apani)
- Odia: ଆପେ (āpē)
- Rohingya: 𐴀𐴡𐴣𐴕𐴠 (oñne)
- Sylheti: ꠀꠙ꠆ꠘꠦ (afne)
Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀅𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸 (appā)
- Konkani: आपण (āpaṇa)
- Marathi: आप (āp), आपण (āpaṇ, “you”)
Pali: attan, tuma
Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (attā), 𑀅𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸 (appā)
- Garhwali: अप्णु (apṇu)
- Gujarati: આપું (āpũ), આપણે (āpaṇe)
- Hindustani:
  - Hindi: आप (āp, “you”)
  - Urdu: آپ (āp, “you”)
- Kumaoni: आप (āp)
- Nepali: आन्त (ānta), आफू (āphū)
- Punjabi:
- Gurmukhi script: ਆਪ (āpa, “you”)
- Shahmukhi script: آپ (āp, “you”)
- Romani: pes (“himself; herself”)
- Sindhi:
  - Khudabadi script: 𑊸𑊼𑋣𑋑 (pāṇa)
  - Devanagari script: पाण (pāṇa)
  - Arabic script: پاڻ (pāṇa)

References

Monier Williams (1899) “आत्मन्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0135.
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 164-165
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “ātmán”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press