करवाल

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• কৰৱাল (Assamese script)
• ᬓᬭᬯᬵᬮ (Balinese script)
• করবাল (Bengali script)
• 𑰎𑰨𑰪𑰯𑰩 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀓𑀭𑀯𑀸𑀮 (Brahmi script)
• ကရဝါလ (Burmese script)
• કરવાલ (Gujarati script)
• ਕਰਵਾਲ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌕𑌰𑌵𑌾𑌲 (Grantha script)
• ꦏꦫꦮꦴꦭ (Javanese script)
• 𑂍𑂩𑂫𑂰𑂪 (Kaithi script)
• ಕರವಾಲ (Kannada script)
• ករវាល (Khmer script)
• ກຣວາລ (Lao script)
• കരവാല (Malayalam script)
• ᡬᠠᡵᠠᠸᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠯᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘎𑘨𑘪𑘰𑘩 (Modi script)
• ᢉᠠᠷᠠᠸᠠᢗᠯᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦮𑧈𑧊𑧑𑧉 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐎𑐬𑐰𑐵𑐮 (Newa script)
• କରଵାଲ (Odia script)
• ꢒꢬꢮꢵꢭ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆑𑆫𑆮𑆳𑆬 (Sharada script)
• 𑖎𑖨𑖪𑖯𑖩 (Siddham script)
• කරවාල (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩜𑩼𑩾𑩛𑩽 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚊𑚤𑚦𑚭𑚥 (Takri script)
• கரவால (Tamil script)
• కరవాల (Telugu script)
• กรวาล (Thai script)
• ཀ་ར་ཝཱ་ལ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒏𑒩𑒫𑒰𑒪 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨋𑨫𑨭𑨊𑨬 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Dravidian *kay?

Proto-Dravidian *wāḷ?

Sanskrit करवाल (karavāla)

Latter part borrowed from South Dravidian I; compare Malayalam വാൾ (vāḷ), Tamil வாள் (vāḷ). Mayrhofer considers a borrowing from Dravidian கைவாள் (kaivāḷ, “short sword”), with the similar-sounding and meaning कर (kara, “doer; hand”) substituting for the Dravidian கை (kai, “hand”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /kɐ.ɾɐˈʋɑː.l̪ɐ/

Noun

करवाल • (karavāla) stem, m

1. sword

   Synonym: रिष्टि (riṣṭi)

   • c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata
   • c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of करवाल (karavāla)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	करवालः karavālaḥ	करवालौ / करवाला¹ karavālau / karavālā¹	करवालाः / करवालासः¹ karavālāḥ / karavālāsaḥ¹
Vocative	करवाल karavāla	करवालौ / करवाला¹ karavālau / karavālā¹	करवालाः / करवालासः¹ karavālāḥ / karavālāsaḥ¹
Accusative	करवालम् karavālam	करवालौ / करवाला¹ karavālau / karavālā¹	करवालान् karavālān
Instrumental	करवालेन karavālena	करवालाभ्याम् karavālābhyām	करवालैः / करवालेभिः¹ karavālaiḥ / karavālebhiḥ¹
Dative	करवालाय karavālāya	करवालाभ्याम् karavālābhyām	करवालेभ्यः karavālebhyaḥ
Ablative	करवालात् karavālāt	करवालाभ्याम् karavālābhyām	करवालेभ्यः karavālebhyaḥ
Genitive	करवालस्य karavālasya	करवालयोः karavālayoḥ	करवालानाम् karavālānām
Locative	करवाले karavāle	करवालयोः karavālayoḥ	करवालेषु karavāleṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Prakrit: 𑀓𑀭𑀯𑀸𑀮 (karavāla)
  • Central Indo-Aryan:
    • Awadhi: करवार (karvār)
    • Braj: करवार (karvār)
    • Hindustani:
      • Hindi: करवाल (karvāl), करवार (karvār)
      • Urdu: کَرْوَال (karvāl), کَرْوَار (karvār)
  • Eastern Indo-Aryan:
    • Bihari:
      • Bhojpuri: करुआर (karuār, “oar”)
      • Maithili: करुआर (karuār)
  • Western Indo-Aryan:
    • Gujarati: (or borrowed from Hindi) કરવાલ (karvāl)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “करवाल”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 253.