छत्त्र

Sanskrit

Uncertain;^[1] possibly related to छादयति (chādáyati, “to cover”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-Iranian *šćatˢtrás, Proto-Indo-European *sḱed-tró-s, from *sḱed-^[2]^[3] or *sked- (“to cover”).^[4] Possible cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬁𐬜𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬧𐬙𐬍 (sāδaiiaṇtī, “long trousers”), Old English hætera (“garments”). The Sanskrit root is छद् (chad).

छत्त्र • (chattra) stem, n ^[5]^[6]^[7]

Neuter a-stem declension of छत्त्र (chattra)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	छत्त्रम् chattram	छत्त्रे chattre	छत्त्राणि / छत्त्रा¹ chattrāṇi / chattrā¹
Vocative	छत्त्र chattra	छत्त्रे chattre	छत्त्राणि / छत्त्रा¹ chattrāṇi / chattrā¹
Accusative	छत्त्रम् chattram	छत्त्रे chattre	छत्त्राणि / छत्त्रा¹ chattrāṇi / chattrā¹
Instrumental	छत्त्रेण chattreṇa	छत्त्राभ्याम् chattrābhyām	छत्त्रैः / छत्त्रेभिः¹ chattraiḥ / chattrebhiḥ¹
Dative	छत्त्राय chattrāya	छत्त्राभ्याम् chattrābhyām	छत्त्रेभ्यः chattrebhyaḥ
Ablative	छत्त्रात् chattrāt	छत्त्राभ्याम् chattrābhyām	छत्त्रेभ्यः chattrebhyaḥ
Genitive	छत्त्रस्य chattrasya	छत्त्रयोः chattrayoḥ	छत्त्राणाम् chattrāṇām
Locative	छत्त्रे chattre	छत्त्रयोः chattrayoḥ	छत्त्रेषु chattreṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Ashokan Prakrit:
- Magadhi Prakrit:
  - → Assamese: ছাতি (sati), ছতা (sota)
  - Bengali: ছাতা (chata)
- Sauraseni Prakrit:
  - Sauraseni Apabhramsa:
    - Hindi: छाता (chātā)
      - → English: chatta
→ Angkorian Old Khmer: chatra, chattra°
- Khmer: ឆត្រ (chat), ឆ័ត្រ (chat)
- → Thai: ฉัตร (chàt)
→ English: chhatra
→ Gujarati: છત્ર (chatra), છત્રી (chatrī)
→ Hindi: छतरी (chatrī)
→ Konkani: सत्ते (satte)
→ Marathi: छत्री (chatrī), सत्री (satrī) — East Indian
- → Kannada: ಛತ್ರಿ (chatri)
→ Tamil: சத்தி (catti), சத்திரம் (cattiram)
→ Middle Persian: [script needed] (čādur, “sheet, veil”)
- →? Proto-Turkic: *čātïr (see there for further descendants)
- Classical Persian: چَادُر (čādur) (see there for further descendants)
Old Javanese: chattra
- > Javanese: ꦕꦠꦿ (catra) (inherited) (see there for further descendants)
Pali: chatta
Punjabi: ਛੱਤ (chatta, “roof”)
→ Punjabi: ਛਤਰੀ (chatrī)
Urdu: چھتری (chatrī)
- → Pashto: چترۍ
- →? Persian:
  - Dari: چتری (čatrī)

^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*sād”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 341-342
^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “sk̑ed-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 919
^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “CHAD”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 554-555
^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2001) “Reflexes of Proto-Indo-European *sk in Indo-Iranian”, in Incontri linguistici‎^[2], volume 24, page 7
^ “छत्त्र” in Carl Cappeller, A Sanskrit–English Dictionary: Based upon the St. Petersburg Lexicons, Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, 1891, →OCLC, page 176, column 1.
^ Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “छत्त्र”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 096
^ Monier Williams (1899) “छत्त्र”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 404/1.