Wiktionary

जम्बु

Pali

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Alternative forms

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Alternative scripts

Noun

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जम्बु f

  1. Devanagari script form of jambu

Declension

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Declension table of "जम्बु" (feminine)
Case \ NumberSingularPlural
Nominative (first)जम्बु (jambu)जम्बुयो (jambuyo) or जम्बू (jambū)
Accusative (second)जम्बुं (jambuṃ)जम्बुयो (jambuyo) or जम्बू (jambū)
Instrumental (third)जम्बुया (jambuyā)जम्बूहि (jambūhi) or जम्बूभि (jambūbhi)
Dative (fourth)जम्बुया (jambuyā)जम्बूनं (jambūnaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)जम्बुया (jambuyā)जम्बूहि (jambūhi) or जम्बूभि (jambūbhi)
Genitive (sixth)जम्बुया (jambuyā)जम्बूनं (jambūnaṃ)
Locative (seventh)जम्बुया (jambuyā) or जम्बुयं (jambuyaṃ)जम्बूसु (jambūsu)
Vocative (calling)जम्बु (jambu)जम्बुयो (jambuyo) or जम्बू (jambū)

Sanskrit

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Alternative forms

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Alternative scripts

Etymology

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Of uncertain origin.[1][2] Related to Sanskrit जम्बुल (jambula), जम्बूल (jambūla), जम्बाल (jambāla), *जम्बून (jambūna), *जम्बुरुल्ल (jamburulla, “Syzygium cumini; Pandanus odorifer”).[3][4][5]

Perhaps together with Sanskrit जम्बीर (jambīra, “citron tree”) borrowed from a non-Aryan substrate.[6] Might be related to Middle Armenian դամոն (damon, “damson plum”), Armenian դամբուլ (dambul, “a variety of plum”) and other words found in Native Caucasian languages listed there. S. L. Nikolayev and S. A. Starostin propose a Caucasian origin.[7]

Noun

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जम्बु • (jambu) stem, f

  1. the jambul tree (Syzygium cumini, syn. Eugenia jambolana, or certain other species of Syzygium)
    Synonym: जम्बुल (jambula)

Usage notes

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  • Many dictionaries of Sanskrit identify this term as originally referring to the rose apple (Syzygium jambos). However, as pointed out by Wujastyk, this identification is clearly erroneous; Indian botanical descriptions of the jambu correspond to Syzygium cumini, not Syzygium jambos. Furthermore, Syzygium jambosis not known in India before the early modern period, while attestations of jambu date back to before the Common Era.[8] This confusion may have originated since reflexes of the term can refer to Syzygium jambos in many Southeast Asian languages.
  • Meister claims that jambu may have originally referred to the jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) based on what he identifies as sculptural depictions of the jambu.[9] However, most modern Indo-Aryan languages refer to the jackfruit using descendants of Sanskrit पनस (panasa).

Derived terms

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Noun

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जम्बु • (jambu) stem, n

  1. the jambul fruit

Descendants

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References

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  1. ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎[1] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 418–419
  2. ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[2] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 571
  3. ^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1931) “जामुनु”, in A comparative and etymological dictionary of the Nepali language, London: K. Paul, Trench, Trubner, page 215a
  4. ^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “jambula”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 283
  5. ^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “jambāla¹”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 283
  6. ^ Kuiper, F. B. J. (1948) Proto-Munda Words In Sanskrit, Amsterdam: N.V. Noord-Hollandsche Uitgevers Maatschappij, page 27
  7. ^ https://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?single=1&basename=%2fdata%2fcauc%2fcaucet&text_number=1276&root=config
  8. ^ Dominik Wujastyk (2004) “Jambudvīpa: apples or plums?”, in Jan P. Hogendijk, Kim Plofker, Michio Yano, and Charles Burnett, editors, Studies in the History of the Exact Sciences in Honour of David Pingree (Islamic Philosophy, Theology and Science. Texts and Studies; 54), Leiden: Brill, →DOI, →ISBN, pages 287-301
  9. ^ Michael W. Meister (2009) “Exploring Kafirkot: When is a Rose Apple not a Rose?”, in Ihsan Ali, Ibrahim Shah, Dr. Ruth Young, editors, Pakistan Heritage, volume 1, Hazara University Department of Archaeology, →ISSN, pages 109-128

Further reading

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