द्वार

See also: द्वार्, देवर, देवरौ, दीवार, and द्वारा

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit द्वार (dvāra). Doublet of बार (bār) and दर (dar).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /d̪ʋɑːɾ/, [d̪wäːɾ]

Noun

द्वार • (dvār) m (Urdu spelling دوار)

1. door

   Synonym: दरवाज़ा (darvāzā)

   वह एक गुप्त द्वार से निकल गया।

   vah ek gupt dvār se nikal gayā.

   He escaped from a secret door.

2. gate, opening; any means of entrance

   Synonym: फाटक (phāṭak)

   यह दर्रा भारत का द्वार है।

   yah darrā bhārat kā dvār hai.

   This pass is a gateway to India.

3. way, means

   धन कमाने का एक ही द्वार है।

   dhan kamāne kā ek hī dvār hai.

   There is only one way to earn money.

Declension

Declension of द्वार (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	द्वार dvār	द्वार dvār
oblique	द्वार dvār	द्वारों dvārõ
vocative	द्वार dvār	द्वारो dvāro

Further reading

• Bahri, Hardev (1989) “द्वार”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
• Platts, John T. (1884) “द्वार”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• dvāra (Latin script)
• 𑀤𑁆𑀯𑀸𑀭 (Brahmi script)
• দ্ৰার (Bengali script)
• ද‍්වාර (Sinhalese script)
• ဒွါရ or ၻွႃရ (Burmese script)
• ทฺวาร or ทวาระ (Thai script)
• ᨴ᩠ᩅᩤᩁ (Tai Tham script)
• ທ຺ວາຣ or ທວາຣະ (Lao script)
• ទ្វារ (Khmer script)
• 𑄘𑄳𑄤𑄂𑄢 (Chakma script)

Noun

द्वार n

1. Devanagari script form of dvāra

Declension

Declension table of "द्वार" (neuter)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	द्वारं (dvāraṃ)	द्वारानि (dvārāni)
Accusative (second)	द्वारं (dvāraṃ)	द्वारानि (dvārāni)
Instrumental (third)	द्वारेन (dvārena)	द्वारेहि (dvārehi) or द्वारेभि (dvārebhi)
Dative (fourth)	द्वारस्स (dvārassa) or द्वाराय (dvārāya) or द्वारत्थं (dvāratthaṃ)	द्वारानं (dvārānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	द्वारस्मा (dvārasmā) or द्वारम्हा (dvāramhā) or द्वारा (dvārā)	द्वारेहि (dvārehi) or द्वारेभि (dvārebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	द्वारस्स (dvārassa)	द्वारानं (dvārānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	द्वारस्मिं (dvārasmiṃ) or द्वारम्हि (dvāramhi) or द्वारे (dvāre)	द्वारेसु (dvāresu)
Vocative (calling)	द्वार (dvāra)	द्वारानि (dvārāni)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• দ্বাৰ (Assamese script)
• ᬤ᭄ᬯᬵᬭ (Balinese script)
• দ্বার (Bengali script)
• 𑰟𑰿𑰪𑰯𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀤𑁆𑀯𑀸𑀭 (Brahmi script)
• ဒွါရ (Burmese script)
• દ્વાર (Gujarati script)
• ਦ੍ਵਾਰ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌦𑍍𑌵𑌾𑌰 (Grantha script)
• ꦢ꧀ꦮꦴꦫ (Javanese script)
• 𑂠𑂹𑂫𑂰𑂩 (Kaithi script)
• ದ್ವಾರ (Kannada script)
• ទ្វារ (Khmer script)
• ທ຺ວາຣ (Lao script)
• ദ്വാര (Malayalam script)
• ᡩᠣᠸᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘟𑘿𑘪𑘰𑘨 (Modi script)
• ᢑᢦ᠎ᠠᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦿𑧠𑧊𑧑𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐡𑑂𑐰𑐵𑐬 (Newa script)
• ଦ୍ଵାର (Odia script)
• ꢣ꣄ꢮꢵꢬ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆢𑇀𑆮𑆳𑆫 (Sharada script)
• 𑖟𑖿𑖪𑖯𑖨 (Siddham script)
• ද්‍වාර (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩭 𑪙𑩾𑩛𑩼 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚛𑚶𑚦𑚭𑚤 (Takri script)
• த்³வார (Tamil script)
• ద్వార (Telugu script)
• ทฺวาร (Thai script)
• དྭཱ་ར (Tibetan script)
• 𑒠𑓂𑒫𑒰𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨛𑩇𑨭𑨊𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *dwā́ram, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰwā́ram (compare Avestan 𐬛𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨 (duuar^əm), Old Persian 𐎯𐎺𐎼𐎹𐎠 (duvar-, “door, gate”)), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰworom (“enclosure, courtyard, i.e. something enclosed by the door”), accusative of *dʰwer-. Cognate with Old Church Slavonic дворъ (dvorŭ, “court, courtyard”), Latin forum (“forum, market-place”) and Lithuanian dvãras (“estate”). This Proto-Indo-European neuter is a derivation of the basic feminine root noun *dʰwer-, *dʰwor- (“door, gate”) that also gave Sanskrit द्वार् (dvā́r).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /dʋɑ́ː.ɾɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈd̪ʋɑː.ɾɐ/

Noun

द्वार • (dvā́ra) stem, n

1. door, gate, passage, entrance
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 9.10.6:

     अप॒ द्वारा॑ मती॒नां प्र॒त्ना ऋ॑ण्वन्ति का॒रव॑:।
     वृष्णो॒ हर॑स आ॒यव॑:॥

     ápa dvā́rā matīnā́ṃ pratnā́ ṛṇvanti kārávaḥ.
     vṛ́ṣṇo hárasa āyávaḥ.

     The singing-men ancient time open the doors of sacred songs, men, for the mighty to accept.

2. opening, aperture (especially of the human body; compare नवद्वार (náva-dvāra))
   • c. 800 BCE – 300 BCE, Early Upaniṣads
   • c. 600 BCE – 600 CE, Suśruta, Suśruta Saṃhitā
3. a way, means, medium (the māheśvaras hold that there are 6 dvāras or means of obtaining religious ecstasy - Sarvad.)

   द्वारेण ― dvāreṇa ― by means of, with regard or according to

   • c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata
   • 200 BCE – 1200, Kāvya literature
   • c. 300 BCE, Pañcatantra
   • 1238 – 1317, Madhvācārya, Sarvadarśanasaṁgraha

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of द्वार (dvā́ra)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	द्वारम् dvā́ram	द्वारे dvā́re	द्वाराणि / द्वारा¹ dvā́rāṇi / dvā́rā¹
Vocative	द्वार dvā́ra	द्वारे dvā́re	द्वाराणि / द्वारा¹ dvā́rāṇi / dvā́rā¹
Accusative	द्वारम् dvā́ram	द्वारे dvā́re	द्वाराणि / द्वारा¹ dvā́rāṇi / dvā́rā¹
Instrumental	द्वारेण dvā́reṇa	द्वाराभ्याम् dvā́rābhyām	द्वारैः / द्वारेभिः¹ dvā́raiḥ / dvā́rebhiḥ¹
Dative	द्वाराय dvā́rāya	द्वाराभ्याम् dvā́rābhyām	द्वारेभ्यः dvā́rebhyaḥ
Ablative	द्वारात् dvā́rāt	द्वाराभ्याम् dvā́rābhyām	द्वारेभ्यः dvā́rebhyaḥ
Genitive	द्वारस्य dvā́rasya	द्वारयोः dvā́rayoḥ	द्वाराणाम् dvā́rāṇām
Locative	द्वारे dvā́re	द्वारयोः dvā́rayoḥ	द्वारेषु dvā́reṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Bihari: बारा (bārā)
• Dardic:
  • Kashmiri:

    Arabic script: دٲر (dạ̄r)

    Devanagari script: दऻर (dạ̄r)

    Sharada script: 𑆢𑇋𑆳𑆫 (dạ̄r)

• Gujarati: બારણું (bārṇũ)
• Saurashtra: ꢣꢵꢬ꣄ (dār)
• Kachchi: બાયણો (bāyaṇo)
• Marwari: बारणौ (bārṇau)
• Pali: dvāra
• Prakrit: 𑀤𑀸𑀭 (dāra) (see there for further descendants)
• Punjabi: ਬਾਰ (bār)
• Romani: vudar

• → Assamese: দুৱাৰ (duar)
• → Bengali: দ্বার (dar)
• → Gujarati: દ્વાર (dvār)
• → Hindi: द्वार (dvār)
• → Malayalam: ദ്വാരം (dvāraṁ)
• → Burmese: ဒွာရ (dwara.)
• → Odia: ଦ୍ଵାର (dwārå)
• → Punjabi: ਦੁਆਰ (duāra)
• → Tamil: துவாரம் (tuvāram)
• → Telugu: ద్వారము (dvāramu)
• → Thai: ทวาร (tá-waan)
• → Urdu: دوار (dvār, dwār)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “द्वार”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0504.