Hindi

edit

Etymology

edit

Borrowed from Sanskrit धन (dhána).

Pronunciation

edit
  • (Delhi) IPA(key): /d̪ʱən/, [d̪ʱɐ̃n]

Noun

edit

धन (dhanm (Urdu spelling دھن)

  1. money
    Synonym: पैसा (paisā)
  2. wealth, riches
    Synonym: दौलत (daulat)
    उसने सारा धन पुत्रों में बाँट दिया।
    usne sārā dhan putrõ mẽ bā̃ṭ diyā.
    He divided all his wealth among his sons.
  3. natural resources
  4. (mathematics) plus sign
  5. (chemistry, in compounds) positive charge
    Synonym: धनावेश (dhanāveś) (independently)

Declension

edit

Derived terms

edit

References

edit
  • Platts, John T. (1884) “धन”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

Sanskrit

edit

Alternative scripts

edit

Etymology

edit

    The term has been derived from the root धन् (dhan, to run, move quickly). In a literal sense, it refers to a running race, but came to mean any contest or strife as a result of semantic generalization. By further extension, it connotes anything that is contested or striven for, viz. prize, booty, wealth, treasure.[1] The root धन् (dhan) is from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰanH-,[2] from Proto-Indo-European *dʰenh₂- (to run, flow).[3]

    Pronunciation

    edit

    Noun

    edit

    धन (dhána) stemn

    1. contest, race, strife, fight
      • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 8.5.26:
        यथो॒त कृत्व्ये॒ धनें॒ऽशुं गोष्व॒गस्त्य॑म्।
        यथा॒ वाजे॑षु॒ सोभ॑रिम्॥
        yáthotá kṛ́tvye dháneṃʼśúṃ góṣvagástyam.
        yáthā vā́jeṣu sóbharim.
        (As you protected) Amśu in decisive fight, and Agastya in the fray for cattle.
    2. the prize of a contest; booty
      • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.84.7:
        संसृ॑ष्टं॒ धन॑म् उ॒भयं॑ स॒माकृ॑तम॒स्मभ्यं॑ दत्तां॒ वरु॑णश्च म॒न्युः।
        भियं॒ दधा॑ना॒ हृद॑येषु॒ शत्र॑व॒: परा॑जितासो॒ अप॒ नि ल॑यन्ताम्॥
        sáṃsṛṣṭaṃ dhánam ubháyaṃ samā́kṛtamasmábhyaṃ dattāṃ váruṇaśca manyúḥ.
        bhíyaṃ dádhānā hṛ́dayeṣu śátrava: párājitāso ápa ní layantām.
        For spoil let Varuṇa and Manyu give us the wealth of both sides gathered and collected;
        And let our enemies with stricken spirits, overwhelmed with terror, slink away defeated.
    3. any valued object, (especially) wealth, riches, money, treasure, gift
      • Subhāṣita :
        विदेशेषु धनं विद्या व्यसनेषु धनं मतिः ।
        परलोके धनं धर्मः शीलं सर्वत्र वै धनम्
        videśeṣu dhanaṃ vidyā vyasaneṣu dhanaṃ matiḥ.
        paraloke dhanaṃ dharmaḥ śīlaṃ sarvatra vai dhanam.
        In foreign lands, knowledge is wealth; in danger, intelligence is wealth;
        In the world beyond, righteousness is wealth; and indeed, character is wealth everywhere.
    4. cows, cattle
      Synonym: गोधन (godhana)
    5. (arithmetic) affirmative quantity, plus; addition
    6. (economics) capital

    Declension

    edit
    Neuter a-stem declension of धन (dhána)
    Singular Dual Plural
    Nominative धनम्
    dhánam
    धने
    dháne
    धनानि / धना¹
    dhánāni / dhánā¹
    Vocative धन
    dhána
    धने
    dháne
    धनानि / धना¹
    dhánāni / dhánā¹
    Accusative धनम्
    dhánam
    धने
    dháne
    धनानि / धना¹
    dhánāni / dhánā¹
    Instrumental धनेन
    dhánena
    धनाभ्याम्
    dhánābhyām
    धनैः / धनेभिः¹
    dhánaiḥ / dhánebhiḥ¹
    Dative धनाय
    dhánāya
    धनाभ्याम्
    dhánābhyām
    धनेभ्यः
    dhánebhyaḥ
    Ablative धनात्
    dhánāt
    धनाभ्याम्
    dhánābhyām
    धनेभ्यः
    dhánebhyaḥ
    Genitive धनस्य
    dhánasya
    धनयोः
    dhánayoḥ
    धनानाम्
    dhánānām
    Locative धने
    dháne
    धनयोः
    dhánayoḥ
    धनेषु
    dháneṣu
    Notes
    • ¹Vedic

    Descendants

    edit
    • Pali: dhana
    • Prakrit: 𑀥𑀡 (dhaṇa)
    • Bengali: ধন (dhon)
    • Hindi: धन (dhan)
    • Malay: dana
    • Punjabi: ਧਨ (dhan)

    References

    edit
    1. ^ Monier Williams (1899) “धन”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, [], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 508, column 2.
    2. ^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “dhani”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
    3. ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “DHAN¹”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[1] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 772
      NODES
    Done 1
    see 1