पागल

Hindi

Etymology

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit *𑀧𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀮 (*paggala​).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /pɑː.ɡəl/, [päː.ɡɐl]
• Rhymes: -əl

Adjective

पागल • (pāgal) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling پاگل)

1. mad
2. insane
3. crazy

   Synonym: सनकी (sankī)

4. demented
5. nuts
6. daft
7. moonstruck
8. frantic
9. loco
10. possessed

Noun

पागल • (pāgal) m (feminine पगली, Urdu spelling پاگل)

1. madman
2. lunatic

Declension

Declension of पागल (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	पागल pāgal	पागल pāgal
oblique	पागल pāgal	पागलों pāgalõ
vocative	पागल pāgal	पागलो pāgalo

Derived terms

• पागलख़ाना (pāgalxānā)

References

• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “paggala”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• পাগল (Assamese script)
• ᬧᬵᬕᬮ (Balinese script)
• পাগল (Bengali script)
• 𑰢𑰯𑰐𑰩 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀧𑀸𑀕𑀮 (Brahmi script)
• ပါဂလ (Burmese script)
• પાગલ (Gujarati script)
• ਪਾਗਲ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌪𑌾𑌗𑌲 (Grantha script)
• ꦥꦴꦒꦭ (Javanese script)
• 𑂣𑂰𑂏𑂪 (Kaithi script)
• ಪಾಗಲ (Kannada script)
• បាគល (Khmer script)
• ປາຄລ (Lao script)
• പാഗല (Malayalam script)
• ᢒᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᡤᠠᠯᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘢𑘰𑘐𑘩 (Modi script)
• ᢒᠠᢗᠺᠠᠯᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧂𑧑𑦰𑧉 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐥𑐵𑐐𑐮 (Newa script)
• ପାଗଲ (Odia script)
• ꢦꢵꢔꢭ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆥𑆳𑆓𑆬 (Sharada script)
• 𑖢𑖯𑖐𑖩 (Siddham script)
• පාගල (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩰𑩛𑩞𑩽 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚞𑚭𑚌𑚥 (Takri script)
• பாக³ல (Tamil script)
• పాగల (Telugu script)
• ปาคล (Thai script)
• པཱ་ག་ལ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒣𑒰𑒑𑒪 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨞𑨊𑨍𑨬 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Probably a borrowing from a late Middle Indo-Aryan Apabhramsha, ultimately from an earlier Prakrit *𑀧𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀮 (*paggala​), from a substrate. Possibly related to पङ्गु (paṅgu), फक्क (phakka), and Santali [script needed] (pãk, “to bend”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈpɑː.ɡɐ.l̪ɐ/

Adjective

पागल • (pāgala) stem

1. mad, deranged, demented

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of पागल (pāgala)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	पागलः pāgalaḥ	पागलौ / पागला¹ pāgalau / pāgalā¹	पागलाः / पागलासः¹ pāgalāḥ / pāgalāsaḥ¹
Vocative	पागल pāgala	पागलौ / पागला¹ pāgalau / pāgalā¹	पागलाः / पागलासः¹ pāgalāḥ / pāgalāsaḥ¹
Accusative	पागलम् pāgalam	पागलौ / पागला¹ pāgalau / pāgalā¹	पागलान् pāgalān
Instrumental	पागलेन pāgalena	पागलाभ्याम् pāgalābhyām	पागलैः / पागलेभिः¹ pāgalaiḥ / pāgalebhiḥ¹
Dative	पागलाय pāgalāya	पागलाभ्याम् pāgalābhyām	पागलेभ्यः pāgalebhyaḥ
Ablative	पागलात् pāgalāt	पागलाभ्याम् pāgalābhyām	पागलेभ्यः pāgalebhyaḥ
Genitive	पागलस्य pāgalasya	पागलयोः pāgalayoḥ	पागलानाम् pāgalānām
Locative	पागले pāgale	पागलयोः pāgalayoḥ	पागलेषु pāgaleṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of पागला (pāgalā)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	पागला pāgalā	पागले pāgale	पागलाः pāgalāḥ
Vocative	पागले pāgale	पागले pāgale	पागलाः pāgalāḥ
Accusative	पागलाम् pāgalām	पागले pāgale	पागलाः pāgalāḥ
Instrumental	पागलया / पागला¹ pāgalayā / pāgalā¹	पागलाभ्याम् pāgalābhyām	पागलाभिः pāgalābhiḥ
Dative	पागलायै pāgalāyai	पागलाभ्याम् pāgalābhyām	पागलाभ्यः pāgalābhyaḥ
Ablative	पागलायाः / पागलायै² pāgalāyāḥ / pāgalāyai²	पागलाभ्याम् pāgalābhyām	पागलाभ्यः pāgalābhyaḥ
Genitive	पागलायाः / पागलायै² pāgalāyāḥ / pāgalāyai²	पागलयोः pāgalayoḥ	पागलानाम् pāgalānām
Locative	पागलायाम् pāgalāyām	पागलयोः pāgalayoḥ	पागलासु pāgalāsu
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of पागल (pāgala)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	पागलम् pāgalam	पागले pāgale	पागलानि / पागला¹ pāgalāni / pāgalā¹
Vocative	पागल pāgala	पागले pāgale	पागलानि / पागला¹ pāgalāni / pāgalā¹
Accusative	पागलम् pāgalam	पागले pāgale	पागलानि / पागला¹ pāgalāni / pāgalā¹
Instrumental	पागलेन pāgalena	पागलाभ्याम् pāgalābhyām	पागलैः / पागलेभिः¹ pāgalaiḥ / pāgalebhiḥ¹
Dative	पागलाय pāgalāya	पागलाभ्याम् pāgalābhyām	पागलेभ्यः pāgalebhyaḥ
Ablative	पागलात् pāgalāt	पागलाभ्याम् pāgalābhyām	पागलेभ्यः pāgalebhyaḥ
Genitive	पागलस्य pāgalasya	पागलयोः pāgalayoḥ	पागलानाम् pāgalānām
Locative	पागले pāgale	पागलयोः pāgalayoḥ	पागलेषु pāgaleṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Noun

पागल • (pāgala) stem, m

1. a particular mixed caste

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of पागल (pāgala)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	पागलः pāgalaḥ	पागलौ / पागला¹ pāgalau / pāgalā¹	पागलाः / पागलासः¹ pāgalāḥ / pāgalāsaḥ¹
Vocative	पागल pāgala	पागलौ / पागला¹ pāgalau / pāgalā¹	पागलाः / पागलासः¹ pāgalāḥ / pāgalāsaḥ¹
Accusative	पागलम् pāgalam	पागलौ / पागला¹ pāgalau / pāgalā¹	पागलान् pāgalān
Instrumental	पागलेन pāgalena	पागलाभ्याम् pāgalābhyām	पागलैः / पागलेभिः¹ pāgalaiḥ / pāgalebhiḥ¹
Dative	पागलाय pāgalāya	पागलाभ्याम् pāgalābhyām	पागलेभ्यः pāgalebhyaḥ
Ablative	पागलात् pāgalāt	पागलाभ्याम् pāgalābhyām	पागलेभ्यः pāgalebhyaḥ
Genitive	पागलस्य pāgalasya	पागलयोः pāgalayoḥ	पागलानाम् pāgalānām
Locative	पागले pāgale	पागलयोः pāgalayoḥ	पागलेषु pāgaleṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “पागल”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 614/2, 1330/2.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) “pahlava - para -”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 312
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1963) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎^[2] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 312
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “paggala”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
• Otto von Böhtlingk (1855) “[3]”, in Sanskrit-Wörterbuch: Part 4, page 625, column 1