पूर्ण

See also: पर्ण, प्राणु, पुराण, and प्राण

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit पूर्ण (pūrṇa).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /puːɾɳ/

Adjective

पूर्ण • (pūrṇ) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling پورݨ)

1. complete, whole, entire

   Synonym: पूरा (pūrā)

2. full

   Synonym: पूरा (pūrā)

3. perfect

   Antonym: अपूर्ण (apūrṇ)

4. absolute, total

   Synonym: निरपेक्ष (nirpekṣ)

5. finished, accomplished
6. plenary
7. (grammar) perfective

   Antonym: अपूर्ण (apūrṇ)

Derived terms

• अपूर्ण (apūrṇ)
• दोषपूर्ण (doṣpūrṇ)
• त्रुटिपूर्ण (truṭipūrṇ)

Noun

पूर्ण • (pūrṇ) m

1. a whole of something

Declension

Declension of पूर्ण (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	पूर्ण pūrṇ	पूर्ण pūrṇ
oblique	पूर्ण pūrṇ	पूर्णों pūrṇõ
vocative	पूर्ण pūrṇ	पूर्णो pūrṇo

Konkani

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit पूर्ण (pūrṇa).

Adjective

पूर्ण • (pūrṇ) (Latin script purnn, Kannada script ಪೂರ್ಣ)

1. full, entire

   Synonym: अक्खो (akkhô)

Marathi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit पूर्ण (pūrṇa).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /puɾ.ɳə/

Adjective

पूर्ण • (pūrṇa) (indeclinable)

1. full
2. whole, entire, complete

Derived terms

• अपूर्ण (apūrṇa, “incomplete”)
• पूर्ण संख्या (pūrṇa saṅkhyā, “whole number”)
• पूर्णत्व (pūrṇatva, “completeness”)
• पूर्णांक (pūrṇāṅka, “integer”)

 

References

• Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “पूर्ण”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
• Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “पूर्ण”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
• Shridhar Ganesh Vaze (1911) “पूर्ण”, in The Aryabhusan School Dictionary, Poona: Arya-Bhushan Press

Nepali

Alternative forms

• पुर्न (purna)

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit पूर्ण (pūrṇa).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [purɽ̃ʌ]
• Phonetic Devanagari: पुर्ण

Adjective

पूर्ण • (pūrṇa)

1. full
2. complete

References

• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1931) “पूर्ण”, in A comparative and etymological dictionary of the Nepali language, London: K. Paul, Trench, Trubner

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• পূৰ্ণ (Assamese script)
• ᬧᬹᬃᬡ (Balinese script)
• পূর্ণ (Bengali script)
• 𑰢𑰳𑰨𑰿𑰜 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀧𑀽𑀭𑁆𑀡 (Brahmi script)
• ပူရ်္ဏ (Burmese script)
• પૂર્ણ (Gujarati script)
• ਪੂਰ੍ਣ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌪𑍂𑌰𑍍𑌣 (Grantha script)
• ꦥꦹꦂꦟ (Javanese script)
• 𑂣𑂴𑂩𑂹𑂝 (Kaithi script)
• ಪೂರ್ಣ (Kannada script)
• បូណ៌ (Khmer script)
• ປູຣ຺ຓ (Lao script)
• പൂര്ണ (Malayalam script)
• ᢒᡠᡠᡵᢏᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘢𑘴𑘨𑘿𑘜 (Modi script)
• ᢒᠤᠤᠷᢏᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧂𑧕𑧈𑧠𑦼 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐥𑐹𑐬𑑂𑐞 (Newa script)
• ପୂର୍ଣ (Odia script)
• ꢦꢹꢬ꣄ꢠ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆥𑆷𑆫𑇀𑆟 (Sharada script)
• 𑖢𑖳𑖨𑖿𑖜 (Siddham script)
• පූර්‍ණ (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩰𑩒𑩛𑩼 𑪙𑩪 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚞𑚱𑚤𑚶𑚘 (Takri script)
• பூர்ண (Tamil script)
• పూర్ణ (Telugu script)
• ปูรฺณ (Thai script)
• པཱུ་རྞ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒣𑒴𑒩𑓂𑒝 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨞𑨃𑨊𑨫𑩇𑨘 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *pr̥Hnás (“full”), from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₁nós (“full”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬞𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀 (pər^əna), Persian پر (por), Latin plēnus, Old Church Slavonic пльнъ (plĭnŭ), Lithuanian pilnas, English full). By surface analysis, पॄ (pṝ, root) +‎ -न (-ná).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /puːɾ.ɳɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈpuːɾ.ɳɐ/

Adjective

पूर्ण • (pūrṇá) stem (root पॄ)

1. full, filled, filled with, full of
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.112.6:

     इदं ते पात्रं सनवित्तमिन्द्र पिबा सोममेना शतक्रतो ।
     पूर्ण आहावो मदिरस्य मध्वो यं विश्व इदभिहर्यन्ति देवाः ॥

     idaṃ te pātraṃ sanavittamindra pibā somamenā śatakrato.
     pūrṇa āhāvo madirasya madhvo yaṃ viśva idabhiharyanti devāḥ.

     Found from of old is this thy cup, O Indra: Śatakratu, drink therefrom the Soma.
     Filled is the beaker with the meath that gladdens, the beaker which all Deities delight in.

2. whole, entire, complete
3. fulfilled, accomplished
4. ended, completed, past, elapsed
5. satisfied, contented

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of पूर्ण (pūrṇá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	पूर्णः pūrṇáḥ	पूर्णौ / पूर्णा¹ pūrṇaú / pūrṇā́¹	पूर्णाः / पूर्णासः¹ pūrṇā́ḥ / pūrṇā́saḥ¹
Vocative	पूर्ण pū́rṇa	पूर्णौ / पूर्णा¹ pū́rṇau / pū́rṇā¹	पूर्णाः / पूर्णासः¹ pū́rṇāḥ / pū́rṇāsaḥ¹
Accusative	पूर्णम् pūrṇám	पूर्णौ / पूर्णा¹ pūrṇaú / pūrṇā́¹	पूर्णान् pūrṇā́n
Instrumental	पूर्णेन pūrṇéna	पूर्णाभ्याम् pūrṇā́bhyām	पूर्णैः / पूर्णेभिः¹ pūrṇaíḥ / pūrṇébhiḥ¹
Dative	पूर्णाय pūrṇā́ya	पूर्णाभ्याम् pūrṇā́bhyām	पूर्णेभ्यः pūrṇébhyaḥ
Ablative	पूर्णात् pūrṇā́t	पूर्णाभ्याम् pūrṇā́bhyām	पूर्णेभ्यः pūrṇébhyaḥ
Genitive	पूर्णस्य pūrṇásya	पूर्णयोः pūrṇáyoḥ	पूर्णानाम् pūrṇā́nām
Locative	पूर्णे pūrṇé	पूर्णयोः pūrṇáyoḥ	पूर्णेषु pūrṇéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of पूर्णा (pūrṇā́)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	पूर्णा pūrṇā́	पूर्णे pūrṇé	पूर्णाः pūrṇā́ḥ
Vocative	पूर्णे pū́rṇe	पूर्णे pū́rṇe	पूर्णाः pū́rṇāḥ
Accusative	पूर्णाम् pūrṇā́m	पूर्णे pūrṇé	पूर्णाः pūrṇā́ḥ
Instrumental	पूर्णया / पूर्णा¹ pūrṇáyā / pūrṇā́¹	पूर्णाभ्याम् pūrṇā́bhyām	पूर्णाभिः pūrṇā́bhiḥ
Dative	पूर्णायै pūrṇā́yai	पूर्णाभ्याम् pūrṇā́bhyām	पूर्णाभ्यः pūrṇā́bhyaḥ
Ablative	पूर्णायाः / पूर्णायै² pūrṇā́yāḥ / pūrṇā́yai²	पूर्णाभ्याम् pūrṇā́bhyām	पूर्णाभ्यः pūrṇā́bhyaḥ
Genitive	पूर्णायाः / पूर्णायै² pūrṇā́yāḥ / pūrṇā́yai²	पूर्णयोः pūrṇáyoḥ	पूर्णानाम् pūrṇā́nām
Locative	पूर्णायाम् pūrṇā́yām	पूर्णयोः pūrṇáyoḥ	पूर्णासु pūrṇā́su
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of पूर्ण (pūrṇá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	पूर्णम् pūrṇám	पूर्णे pūrṇé	पूर्णानि / पूर्णा¹ pūrṇā́ni / pūrṇā́¹
Vocative	पूर्ण pū́rṇa	पूर्णे pū́rṇe	पूर्णानि / पूर्णा¹ pū́rṇāni / pū́rṇā¹
Accusative	पूर्णम् pūrṇám	पूर्णे pūrṇé	पूर्णानि / पूर्णा¹ pūrṇā́ni / pūrṇā́¹
Instrumental	पूर्णेन pūrṇéna	पूर्णाभ्याम् pūrṇā́bhyām	पूर्णैः / पूर्णेभिः¹ pūrṇaíḥ / pūrṇébhiḥ¹
Dative	पूर्णाय pūrṇā́ya	पूर्णाभ्याम् pūrṇā́bhyām	पूर्णेभ्यः pūrṇébhyaḥ
Ablative	पूर्णात् pūrṇā́t	पूर्णाभ्याम् pūrṇā́bhyām	पूर्णेभ्यः pūrṇébhyaḥ
Genitive	पूर्णस्य pūrṇásya	पूर्णयोः pūrṇáyoḥ	पूर्णानाम् pūrṇā́nām
Locative	पूर्णे pūrṇé	पूर्णयोः pūrṇáyoḥ	पूर्णेषु pūrṇéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Derived terms

• पूर्णिमा f (pūrṇimā, “day/night of full moon”)
• परिपूर्ण (paripūrṇa, “quite full; perfect”)

Descendants

• Pali: puṇṇa
• Prakrit: 𑀧𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡 (puṇṇa)
  • Central:
    • Hindustani:

      Hindi: पून (pūn)

      Urdu: پُون (pūn)

  • Northwestern:
    • Lahnda: پونا (punnā)
• → Bengali: পূর্ণ (purno) (learned)
• → Hindi: पूर्ण (pūrṇ) (learned)
• → Kannada: ಪೂರ್ಣ (pūrṇa) (learned)
• → Konkani: पूर्ण (pūrṇa) (learned)
• → Marathi: पूर्ण (pūrṇa) (learned)
• → Nepali: पूर्ण (pūrṇa) (learned)
• → Punjabi: ਪੂਰਨ (pūran) (learned)
• → Telugu: పూర్ణము (pūrṇamu) (learned)

Further reading

• Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2024) “pūrṇa”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.