फेन

See also: फ़ोन and फ़ानी

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ফেন (Assamese script)
• ᬨᬾᬦ (Balinese script)
• ফেন (Bengali script)
• 𑰣𑰸𑰡 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀨𑁂𑀦 (Brahmi script)
• ဖေန (Burmese script)
• ફેન (Gujarati script)
• ਫੇਨ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌫𑍇𑌨 (Grantha script)
• ꦦꦺꦤ (Javanese script)
• 𑂤𑂵𑂢 (Kaithi script)
• ಫೇನ (Kannada script)
• ផេន (Khmer script)
• ເຜນ (Lao script)
• ഫേന (Malayalam script)
• ᡦᡝᠨᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘣𑘹𑘡 (Modi script)
• ᠹᠧᠨᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧃𑧚𑧁 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐦𑐾𑐣 (Newa script)
• ଫେନ (Odia script)
• ꢧꢾꢥ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆦𑆼𑆤 (Sharada script)
• 𑖣𑖸𑖡 (Siddham script)
• ඵෙන (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩱𑩔𑩯 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚟𑚲𑚝 (Takri script)
• பே²ந (Tamil script)
• ఫేన (Telugu script)
• เผน (Thai script)
• ཕེ་ན (Tibetan script)
• 𑒤𑒹𑒢 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨟𑨄𑨝 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)pHóy-nh₂-os, from *(s)poH(y)- (“foam”). Cognate with Lithuanian spáinė, Russian пе́на (péna), Latin pūmex (“pumice”), spuma (“froth”), Old English fām (whence English foam).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /pʰɐ́j.nɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈpʰeː.n̪ɐ/

Noun

फेन • (phéna) stem, m or n

1. foam, froth, scum
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 8.14.13:

     अपां फेनेन नमुचेः शिर इन्द्रोदवर्तयः ।

     apāṃ phenena namuceḥ śira indrodavartayaḥ.

     With waters' foam thou torest off, Indra, the head of Namuci

2. moisture of the lips, saliva
3. white cuttlefish bone, supposed to be indurated foam of the sea

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of फेन (phéna)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	फेनः phénaḥ	फेनौ / फेना¹ phénau / phénā¹	फेनाः / फेनासः¹ phénāḥ / phénāsaḥ¹
Vocative	फेन phéna	फेनौ / फेना¹ phénau / phénā¹	फेनाः / फेनासः¹ phénāḥ / phénāsaḥ¹
Accusative	फेनम् phénam	फेनौ / फेना¹ phénau / phénā¹	फेनान् phénān
Instrumental	फेनेन phénena	फेनाभ्याम् phénābhyām	फेनैः / फेनेभिः¹ phénaiḥ / phénebhiḥ¹
Dative	फेनाय phénāya	फेनाभ्याम् phénābhyām	फेनेभ्यः phénebhyaḥ
Ablative	फेनात् phénāt	फेनाभ्याम् phénābhyām	फेनेभ्यः phénebhyaḥ
Genitive	फेनस्य phénasya	फेनयोः phénayoḥ	फेनानाम् phénānām
Locative	फेने phéne	फेनयोः phénayoḥ	फेनेषु phéneṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Neuter a-stem declension of फेन (phéna)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	फेनम् phénam	फेने phéne	फेनानि / फेना¹ phénāni / phénā¹
Vocative	फेन phéna	फेने phéne	फेनानि / फेना¹ phénāni / phénā¹
Accusative	फेनम् phénam	फेने phéne	फेनानि / फेना¹ phénāni / phénā¹
Instrumental	फेनेन phénena	फेनाभ्याम् phénābhyām	फेनैः / फेनेभिः¹ phénaiḥ / phénebhiḥ¹
Dative	फेनाय phénāya	फेनाभ्याम् phénābhyām	फेनेभ्यः phénebhyaḥ
Ablative	फेनात् phénāt	फेनाभ्याम् phénābhyām	फेनेभ्यः phénebhyaḥ
Genitive	फेनस्य phénasya	फेनयोः phénayoḥ	फेनानाम् phénānām
Locative	फेने phéne	फेनयोः phénayoḥ	फेनेषु phéneṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Derived terms

• फेनक (phenaka)

Proper noun

फेन • (phéna) stem, m

1. name of a man

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of फेन (phéna)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	फेनः phénaḥ	फेनौ / फेना¹ phénau / phénā¹	फेनाः / फेनासः¹ phénāḥ / phénāsaḥ¹
Vocative	फेन phéna	फेनौ / फेना¹ phénau / phénā¹	फेनाः / फेनासः¹ phénāḥ / phénāsaḥ¹
Accusative	फेनम् phénam	फेनौ / फेना¹ phénau / phénā¹	फेनान् phénān
Instrumental	फेनेन phénena	फेनाभ्याम् phénābhyām	फेनैः / फेनेभिः¹ phénaiḥ / phénebhiḥ¹
Dative	फेनाय phénāya	फेनाभ्याम् phénābhyām	फेनेभ्यः phénebhyaḥ
Ablative	फेनात् phénāt	फेनाभ्याम् phénābhyām	फेनेभ्यः phénebhyaḥ
Genitive	फेनस्य phénasya	फेनयोः phénayoḥ	फेनानाम् phénānām
Locative	फेने phéne	फेनयोः phénayoḥ	फेनेषु phéneṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Pali: pheṇa
• Dardic:
  • Kalasha: phénu
• Magadhi Prakrit:
  • Assamese: ফেন (phen)
  • Bengali: ফেনা (phena)
• → Tamil: பேனம் (pēṉam)
• → Malayalam: ഫേനം (phēnaṁ)

Further reading

• Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2024) “phena”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.