मर्दन

See also: मुर्दन, मुर्दनी, मर्दाना, and मर्दनी

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit मर्दन (mardana).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /məɾ.d̪ən/, [mɐɾ.d̪ɐ̃n]

Adjective

मर्दन • (mardan) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling مردن)

1. crushing, grinding, destroying, tormenting, rubbing

Noun

मर्दन • (mardan) m (Urdu spelling مردن)

1. the act of rubbing; anointing (with oil or cosmetic paste)
2. crushing, grinding
3. trampling, destroying

Declension

Declension of मर्दन (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	मर्दन mardan	मर्दन mardan
oblique	मर्दन mardan	मर्दनों mardanõ
vocative	मर्दन mardan	मर्दनो mardano

Further reading

• Platts, John T. (1884) “मर्दन”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “मर्दन”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• মৰ্দন (Assamese script)
• ᬫᬃᬤᬦ (Balinese script)
• মর্দন (Bengali script)
• 𑰦𑰨𑰿𑰟𑰡 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀫𑀭𑁆𑀤𑀦 (Brahmi script)
• မရ်္ဒန (Burmese script)
• મર્દન (Gujarati script)
• ਮਰ੍ਦਨ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌮𑌰𑍍𑌦𑌨 (Grantha script)
• ꦩꦂꦢꦤ (Javanese script)
• 𑂧𑂩𑂹𑂠𑂢 (Kaithi script)
• ಮರ್ದನ (Kannada script)
• មទ៌ន (Khmer script)
• ມຣ຺ທນ (Lao script)
• മര്ദന (Malayalam script)
• ᠮᠠᡵᡩᠠᠨᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘦𑘨𑘿𑘟𑘡 (Modi script)
• ᠮᠠᠷᢑᠠᠨᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧆𑧈𑧠𑦿𑧁 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐩𑐬𑑂𑐡𑐣 (Newa script)
• ମର୍ଦନ (Odia script)
• ꢪꢬ꣄ꢣꢥ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆩𑆫𑇀𑆢𑆤 (Sharada script)
• 𑖦𑖨𑖿𑖟𑖡 (Siddham script)
• මර්‍දන (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩴𑩼 𑪙𑩭𑩯 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚢𑚤𑚶𑚛𑚝 (Takri script)
• மர்த³ந (Tamil script)
• మర్దన (Telugu script)
• มรฺทน (Thai script)
• མ་རྡ་ན (Tibetan script)
• 𑒧𑒩𑓂𑒠𑒢 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨢𑨫𑩇𑨛𑨝 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From the root मृद् (mṛd, “to squeeze, press, rub, crush”) +‎ -अन (-ana).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /mɐɾ.dɐ.nɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈmɐɾ.d̪ɐ.n̪ɐ/

Adjective

मर्दन • (mardana) stem

1. crushing, grinding, destroying, tormenting, rubbing

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of मर्दन (mardana)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	मर्दनः mardanaḥ	मर्दनौ / मर्दना¹ mardanau / mardanā¹	मर्दनाः / मर्दनासः¹ mardanāḥ / mardanāsaḥ¹
Vocative	मर्दन mardana	मर्दनौ / मर्दना¹ mardanau / mardanā¹	मर्दनाः / मर्दनासः¹ mardanāḥ / mardanāsaḥ¹
Accusative	मर्दनम् mardanam	मर्दनौ / मर्दना¹ mardanau / mardanā¹	मर्दनान् mardanān
Instrumental	मर्दनेन mardanena	मर्दनाभ्याम् mardanābhyām	मर्दनैः / मर्दनेभिः¹ mardanaiḥ / mardanebhiḥ¹
Dative	मर्दनाय mardanāya	मर्दनाभ्याम् mardanābhyām	मर्दनेभ्यः mardanebhyaḥ
Ablative	मर्दनात् mardanāt	मर्दनाभ्याम् mardanābhyām	मर्दनेभ्यः mardanebhyaḥ
Genitive	मर्दनस्य mardanasya	मर्दनयोः mardanayoḥ	मर्दनानाम् mardanānām
Locative	मर्दने mardane	मर्दनयोः mardanayoḥ	मर्दनेषु mardaneṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Feminine ī-stem declension of मर्दनी (mardanī)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	मर्दनी mardanī	मर्दन्यौ / मर्दनी¹ mardanyau / mardanī¹	मर्दन्यः / मर्दनीः¹ mardanyaḥ / mardanīḥ¹
Vocative	मर्दनि mardani	मर्दन्यौ / मर्दनी¹ mardanyau / mardanī¹	मर्दन्यः / मर्दनीः¹ mardanyaḥ / mardanīḥ¹
Accusative	मर्दनीम् mardanīm	मर्दन्यौ / मर्दनी¹ mardanyau / mardanī¹	मर्दनीः mardanīḥ
Instrumental	मर्दन्या mardanyā	मर्दनीभ्याम् mardanībhyām	मर्दनीभिः mardanībhiḥ
Dative	मर्दन्यै mardanyai	मर्दनीभ्याम् mardanībhyām	मर्दनीभ्यः mardanībhyaḥ
Ablative	मर्दन्याः / मर्दन्यै² mardanyāḥ / mardanyai²	मर्दनीभ्याम् mardanībhyām	मर्दनीभ्यः mardanībhyaḥ
Genitive	मर्दन्याः / मर्दन्यै² mardanyāḥ / mardanyai²	मर्दन्योः mardanyoḥ	मर्दनीनाम् mardanīnām
Locative	मर्दन्याम् mardanyām	मर्दन्योः mardanyoḥ	मर्दनीषु mardanīṣu
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of मर्दन (mardana)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	मर्दनम् mardanam	मर्दने mardane	मर्दनानि / मर्दना¹ mardanāni / mardanā¹
Vocative	मर्दन mardana	मर्दने mardane	मर्दनानि / मर्दना¹ mardanāni / mardanā¹
Accusative	मर्दनम् mardanam	मर्दने mardane	मर्दनानि / मर्दना¹ mardanāni / mardanā¹
Instrumental	मर्दनेन mardanena	मर्दनाभ्याम् mardanābhyām	मर्दनैः / मर्दनेभिः¹ mardanaiḥ / mardanebhiḥ¹
Dative	मर्दनाय mardanāya	मर्दनाभ्याम् mardanābhyām	मर्दनेभ्यः mardanebhyaḥ
Ablative	मर्दनात् mardanāt	मर्दनाभ्याम् mardanābhyām	मर्दनेभ्यः mardanebhyaḥ
Genitive	मर्दनस्य mardanasya	मर्दनयोः mardanayoḥ	मर्दनानाम् mardanānām
Locative	मर्दने mardane	मर्दनयोः mardanayoḥ	मर्दनेषु mardaneṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Noun

मर्दन • (mardana) stem, n

1. the act of crushing or grinding or destroying
   • तेषां मैरेयदोषेण विषमीकृतचेतसाम्। निम्‍लोचति रवावासीद्वेणूनामिव मर्दनम्॥ BhP.3.4.2:

     As by the friction of bamboos destruction takes place, so also, at sunset, by the interaction of the faults of intoxication, all their minds became unbalanced, and destruction took place.

   • c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 3.26.40:

     Fire is appreciated by its light and by its ability to cook, to digest, to cause destruction of cold, to evaporate, and to give rise to hunger, thirst, eating and drinking.

2. rubbing, anointing, shampooing
3. opposition (as of planets)
4. paining, tormenting, afflicting
5. breaking up (of ice)

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of मर्दन (mardana)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	मर्दनम् mardanam	मर्दने mardane	मर्दनानि / मर्दना¹ mardanāni / mardanā¹
Vocative	मर्दन mardana	मर्दने mardane	मर्दनानि / मर्दना¹ mardanāni / mardanā¹
Accusative	मर्दनम् mardanam	मर्दने mardane	मर्दनानि / मर्दना¹ mardanāni / mardanā¹
Instrumental	मर्दनेन mardanena	मर्दनाभ्याम् mardanābhyām	मर्दनैः / मर्दनेभिः¹ mardanaiḥ / mardanebhiḥ¹
Dative	मर्दनाय mardanāya	मर्दनाभ्याम् mardanābhyām	मर्दनेभ्यः mardanebhyaḥ
Ablative	मर्दनात् mardanāt	मर्दनाभ्याम् mardanābhyām	मर्दनेभ्यः mardanebhyaḥ
Genitive	मर्दनस्य mardanasya	मर्दनयोः mardanayoḥ	मर्दनानाम् mardanānām
Locative	मर्दने mardane	मर्दनयोः mardanayoḥ	मर्दनेषु mardaneṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Pali: maddana
• Prakrit: 𑀫𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀡 (maddaṇa)
  • Gujarati: માડણ (māḍaṇ)
• → Hindustani: mardan

  Hindi: मर्दन

  Urdu: مردن

Further reading

• Monier Williams (1899) “मर्दन”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 791, column 2.
• Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “मर्दन”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
• Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2024) “mardana”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “mardana”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press