शक्ति

See also: शुक्ति and शुक्ता

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit शक्ति (śakti).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /ʃək.t̪iː/, [ʃɐk.t̪iː]
• Rhymes: -əkti

Noun

शक्ति • (śakti) f (Urdu spelling شکتی)

1. power, energy, potency

   Synonyms: ताक़त (tāqat), ज़ोर (zor), सकत (sakat), ऊर्जा (ūrjā)

   दो सौ घोड़ों की शक्ति इस कल में है।

   do sau ghoṛõ kī śakti is kal mẽ hai.

   This machine has the power of two hundred horses.

2. strength

   Synonym: ताक़त (tāqat)

   अगर हम अपनी सेनाएँ मिलाए हमारी शक्ति बढ़ जाएगी।

   agar ham apnī senāẽ milāe hamārī śakti baṛh jāegī.

   If we combine our armies our strength will increase.

3. force

   Synonym: बल (bal)

   हमें विध्वंसक शक्ति का प्रयोग करना पड़ा।

   hamẽ vidhvansak śakti kā prayog karnā paṛā.

   We had to use destructive force.

4. ability; reach

   Synonym: बस (bas)

   शक्ति के बाहर ― śakti ke bāhar ― beyond one's ability

Declension

Declension of शक्ति (fem i-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	शक्ति śakti	शक्तियाँ śaktiyā̃
oblique	शक्ति śakti	शक्तियों śaktiyõ
vocative	शक्ति śakti	शक्तियो śaktiyo

Derived terms

• शक्तिपीठ (śaktipīṭh)
• शक्तिमान (śaktimān)
• शक्तिशाली (śaktiśālī)
• शक्तिहीन (śaktihīn)

 

References

• Bahri, Hardev (1989) “शक्ति”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
• Caturvedi, Mahendra, Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970) “शक्ति”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• শক্তি (Assamese script)
• ᬰᬓ᭄ᬢᬶ (Balinese script)
• শক্তি (Bengali script)
• 𑰫𑰎𑰿𑰝𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀰𑀓𑁆𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
• ၐက္တိ (Burmese script)
• શક્તિ (Gujarati script)
• ਸ਼ਕ੍ਤਿ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌶𑌕𑍍𑌤𑌿 (Grantha script)
• ꦯꦏ꧀ꦠꦶ (Javanese script)
• 𑂬𑂍𑂹𑂞𑂱 (Kaithi script)
• ಶಕ್ತಿ (Kannada script)
• ឝក្តិ (Khmer script)
• ຨກ຺ຕິ (Lao script)
• ശക്തി (Malayalam script)
• ᡧᠠᡬᢠᡳ (Manchu script)
• 𑘫𑘎𑘿𑘝𑘱 (Modi script)
• ᠱᠠᢉᢐᠢ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧋𑦮𑧠𑦽𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐱𑐎𑑂𑐟𑐶 (Newa script)
• ଶକ୍ତି (Odia script)
• ꢯꢒ꣄ꢡꢶ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆯𑆑𑇀𑆠𑆴 (Sharada script)
• 𑖫𑖎𑖿𑖝𑖰 (Siddham script)
• ශක‍්ති (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩿𑩜 𑪙𑩫𑩑 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚧𑚊𑚶𑚙𑚮 (Takri script)
• ஶக்தி (Tamil script)
• శక్తి (Telugu script)
• ศกฺติ (Thai script)
• ཤ་ཀྟི (Tibetan script)
• 𑒬𑒏𑓂𑒞𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨮𑨋𑩇𑨙𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From the root शक् (śak, “to be able to”) +‎ -ति (-ti).

Pronunciation

• (Early Rigvedic) IPA^(key): /ɕɐk.tí/, [ɕɐk̚.tí]
• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɕɐ́k.ti/, [ɕɐ́k̚.ti]
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈɕɐk.t̪i/, [ˈɕɐk̚.t̪i]

Noun

शक्ति • (śákti, śaktí) stem, f

1. strength, power, might
2. ability

Declension

Masculine i-stem declension of शक्ति (śákti)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	शक्तिः śáktiḥ	शक्ती śáktī	शक्तयः śáktayaḥ
Vocative	शक्ते śákte	शक्ती śáktī	शक्तयः śáktayaḥ
Accusative	शक्तिम् śáktim	शक्ती śáktī	शक्तीन् śáktīn
Instrumental	शक्तिना / शक्त्या¹ śáktinā / śáktyā¹	शक्तिभ्याम् śáktibhyām	शक्तिभिः śáktibhiḥ
Dative	शक्तये śáktaye	शक्तिभ्याम् śáktibhyām	शक्तिभ्यः śáktibhyaḥ
Ablative	शक्तेः śákteḥ	शक्तिभ्याम् śáktibhyām	शक्तिभ्यः śáktibhyaḥ
Genitive	शक्तेः śákteḥ	शक्त्योः śáktyoḥ	शक्तीनाम् śáktīnām
Locative	शक्तौ / शक्ता¹ śáktau / śáktā¹	शक्त्योः śáktyoḥ	शक्तिषु śáktiṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Masculine i-stem declension of शक्ति (śaktí)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	शक्तिः śaktíḥ	शक्ती śaktī́	शक्तयः śaktáyaḥ
Vocative	शक्ते śákte	शक्ती śáktī	शक्तयः śáktayaḥ
Accusative	शक्तिम् śaktím	शक्ती śaktī́	शक्तीन् śaktī́n
Instrumental	शक्तिना / शक्त्या¹ śaktínā / śaktyā́¹	शक्तिभ्याम् śaktíbhyām	शक्तिभिः śaktíbhiḥ
Dative	शक्तये śaktáye	शक्तिभ्याम् śaktíbhyām	शक्तिभ्यः śaktíbhyaḥ
Ablative	शक्तेः śaktéḥ	शक्तिभ्याम् śaktíbhyām	शक्तिभ्यः śaktíbhyaḥ
Genitive	शक्तेः śaktéḥ	शक्त्योः śaktyóḥ	शक्तीनाम् śaktīnā́m
Locative	शक्तौ / शक्ता¹ śaktaú / śaktā́¹	शक्त्योः śaktyóḥ	शक्तिषु śaktíṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Paisaci Prakrit:
• Gujarati: શક્તિ (śakti)
• Punjabi: ਸਗਤ (sagat)
• Pali: satti
• → Hindi: शक्ति (śakti)
• → Bengali: শক্তি (śokti)
• → Khmer: សក្តិ (sak)
• → Malayalam: ശക്തി (śakti)
• → Malay: sakti
  • Indonesian: sakti
• → Old Javanese: śakti
  • Javanese: ꦱꦏ꧀ꦠꦶ (sakti) → ꦱꦼꦏ꧀ꦠꦶ (sekti)
  • → Balinese: ᬰᬓ᭄ᬢᬶ (sakti)
• → Tamil: சக்தி (cakti), சத்தி (catti), ஷக்தி (ṣakti)
• → Telugu: శక్తి (śakti)
• Thai: ศักดิ์ (sàk), ศักดิ (sàk-dì-), ศักติ

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “शक्ति”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1044, column 2.
• Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2024) “śakti”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.