ὅρος

See also: όρος, ορός, and ὄρος

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• ὄρϝος (órwos), ὄρβος (órbos) — Corcyraean
• ὦρος (ôros) — Arcadocypriot
• ὄρος (óros)
• οὖρος (oûros) — Ionic
• ὄρρος (órrhos) — Megarian

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *wórwos (whence Mycenaean Greek 𐀺𐀺 (wo-wo)), perhaps from a Proto-Indo-European *werw- (“to draw, mark out”), with cognates including Latin urvō (“to trace a boundary”). See also ἐρύω (erúō, “to draw”), which might be related.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /hó.ros/ → /ˈo.ros/ → /ˈo.ros/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /hó.ros/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈ(h)o.ros/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈo.ros/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈo.ros/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈo.ros/

Noun

ὅρος • (hóros) m (genitive ὅρου); second declension

1. (also geometry) boundary, limit, frontier, landmark
   • 350 BCE – 250 BCE, Euclid, Elements 1:

     ὅρος ἐστίν, ὅ τινός ἐστι πέρας.

     hóros estín, hó tinós esti péras.

     • 2008 translation by Richard Fitzpatrick

       A boundary is that which is the extremity of something.

2. marking stones, stones used for inscribing legal contracts
3. the broad wooden piece serving as the upper part of an oil/wine press
4. rule, standard
5. term, definition
6. goal, end, aim

Inflection

Second declension of ὁ ὅρος; τοῦ ὅρου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ ὅρος ho hóros	τὼ ὅρω tṑ hórō	οἱ ὅροι hoi hóroi
Genitive	τοῦ ὅρου toû hórou	τοῖν ὅροιν toîn hóroin	τῶν ὅρων tôn hórōn
Dative	τῷ ὅρῳ tôi hórōi	τοῖν ὅροιν toîn hóroin	τοῖς ὅροις toîs hórois
Accusative	τὸν ὅρον tòn hóron	τὼ ὅρω tṑ hórō	τοὺς ὅρους toùs hórous
Vocative	ὅρε hóre	ὅρω hórō	ὅροι hóroi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• ὅμορος (hómoros)
• ὁρίζω (horízō)
• ὁρῐστός (horistós)
• ὁροφῠ́λᾰξ (horophúlax)
• τηλουρός (tēlourós)

 

Further reading

• “ὅρος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ὅρος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• ὅρος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• “ὅρος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • aim idem, page 21.
  • border idem, page 89.
  • bound idem, page 90.
  • boundary idem, page 91.
  • canon idem, page 111.
  • compass idem, page 150.
  • definition idem, page 205.
  • degree idem, page 206.
  • demarcation idem, page 209.
  • fringe idem, page 346.
  • frontier idem, page 347.
  • goal idem, page 365.
  • guiding idem, page 378.
  • horizon idem, page 406.
  • ideal idem, page 413.
  • landmark idem, page 475.
  • limit idem, page 492.
  • margin idem, page 514.
  • measure idem, page 520.
  • object idem, page 565.
  • principle idem, page 641.
  • restriction idem, page 706.
  • rule idem, page 725.
  • scope idem, page 740.
  • sphere idem, page 801.
  • standard idem, page 810.
  • term idem, page 862.
  • territory idem, page 863.
  • test idem, page 863.
  • tether idem, page 863.