ῥάπτω
See also: ράπτω
Ancient Greek
editEtymology
editOf unclear origin. Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *werb- (“to bend, turn”), and compared with Latin verber (“lash, whip”), Proto-Germanic *warpą (“warp”),[1] but this is phonetically impossible. The connections with ῥέπω (rhépō, “to incline”) and ῥέμβω (rhémbō, “to turn in circles”) are not certain, and the traditionally compared Lithuanian ver̃pti (“to sew”) is likely not cognate, due to the discovery of a Hellenic cognate in Mycenaean Greek [script needed] (e-ra-pe-me-na) and its initial e- precluding a relation.[2]
Pronunciation
edit- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /r̥áp.tɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈrap.to/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈrap.to/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈrap.to/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈrap.to/
Verb
editῥᾰ́πτω • (rháptō)
- to sew
Inflection
edit Present: ῥᾰ́πτω, ῥᾰ́πτομαι
Imperfect: ἔρρᾰπτον, ἐρρᾰπτόμην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔρρᾰπτον | ἔρρᾰπτες | ἔρρᾰπτε(ν) | ἐρρᾰ́πτετον | ἐρρᾰπτέτην | ἐρρᾰ́πτομεν | ἐρρᾰ́πτετε | ἔρρᾰπτον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐρρᾰπτόμην | ἐρρᾰ́πτου | ἐρρᾰ́πτετο | ἐρρᾰ́πτεσθον | ἐρρᾰπτέσθην | ἐρρᾰπτόμεθᾰ | ἐρρᾰ́πτεσθε | ἐρρᾰ́πτοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ῥᾰ́ψω | ῥᾰ́ψεις | ῥᾰ́ψει | ῥᾰ́ψετον | ῥᾰ́ψετον | ῥᾰ́ψομεν | ῥᾰ́ψετε | ῥᾰ́ψουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | ῥᾰ́ψοιμῐ | ῥᾰ́ψοις | ῥᾰ́ψοι | ῥᾰ́ψοιτον | ῥᾰψοίτην | ῥᾰ́ψοιμεν | ῥᾰ́ψοιτε | ῥᾰ́ψοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | ῥᾰ́ψομαι | ῥᾰ́ψῃ, ῥᾰ́ψει |
ῥᾰ́ψεται | ῥᾰ́ψεσθον | ῥᾰ́ψεσθον | ῥᾰψόμεθᾰ | ῥᾰ́ψεσθε | ῥᾰ́ψονται | ||||
optative | ῥᾰψοίμην | ῥᾰ́ψοιο | ῥᾰ́ψοιτο | ῥᾰ́ψοισθον | ῥᾰψοίσθην | ῥᾰψοίμεθᾰ | ῥᾰ́ψοισθε | ῥᾰ́ψοιντο | |||||
passive | indicative | ῥᾰφήσομαι | ῥᾰφήσῃ | ῥᾰφήσεται | ῥᾰφήσεσθον | ῥᾰφήσεσθον | ῥᾰφησόμεθᾰ | ῥᾰφήσεσθε | ῥᾰφήσονται | ||||
optative | ῥᾰφησοίμην | ῥᾰφήσοιο | ῥᾰφήσοιτο | ῥᾰφήσοισθον | ῥᾰφησοίσθην | ῥᾰφησοίμεθᾰ | ῥᾰφήσοισθε | ῥᾰφήσοιντο | |||||
active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
infinitive | ῥᾰ́ψειν | ῥᾰ́ψεσθαι | ῥᾰφήσεσθαι | ||||||||||
participle | m | ῥᾰ́ψων | ῥᾰψόμενος | ῥᾰφησόμενος | |||||||||
f | ῥᾰ́ψουσᾰ | ῥᾰψομένη | ῥᾰφησομένη | ||||||||||
n | ῥᾰ́ψον | ῥᾰψόμενον | ῥᾰφησόμενον | ||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Aorist: ἔρρᾰψᾰ, ἐρρᾰψᾰ́μην
Perfect: ἔρρᾰμμαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἔρρᾰμμαι | ἔρρᾰψαι | ἔρρᾰπται | ἔρρᾰφθον | ἔρρᾰφθον | ἐρρᾰ́μμεθᾰ | ἔρρᾰφθε | ἐρρᾰ́φᾰται | ||||
subjunctive | ἐρρᾰμμένος ὦ | ἐρρᾰμμένος ᾖς | ἐρρᾰμμένος ᾖ | ἐρρᾰμμένω ἦτον | ἐρρᾰμμένω ἦτον | ἐρρᾰμμένοι ὦμεν | ἐρρᾰμμένοι ἦτε | ἐρρᾰμμένοι ὦσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ἐρρᾰμμένος εἴην | ἐρρᾰμμένος εἴης | ἐρρᾰμμένος εἴη | ἐρρᾰμμένω εἴητον/εἶτον | ἐρρᾰμμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην | ἐρρᾰμμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν | ἐρρᾰμμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε | ἐρρᾰμμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν | |||||
imperative | ἔρρᾰψο | ἐρρᾰ́φθω | ἔρρᾰφθον | ἐρρᾰ́φθων | ἔρρᾰφθε | ἐρρᾰ́φθων | |||||||
middle/passive | |||||||||||||
infinitive | ἐρρᾰ́φθαι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | ἐρρᾰμμένος | |||||||||||
f | ἐρρᾰμμένη | ||||||||||||
n | ἐρρᾰμμένον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Pluperfect: ἐρραφήκειν, ἐρρᾰ́μμην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐρραφήκειν, ἐρραφήκη |
ἐρραφήκεις, ἐρραφήκης |
ἐρραφήκει(ν) | ἐρραφήκετον | ἐρραφηκέτην | ἐρραφήκεμεν | ἐρραφήκετε | ἐρραφήκεσᾰν | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐρρᾰ́μμην | ἔρρᾰψο | ἔρρᾰπτο | ἔρρᾰφθον | ἐρρᾰ́φθην | ἐρρᾰ́μμεθᾰ | ἔρρᾰφθε | ἐρρᾰ́φᾰτο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Derived terms
edit- ἀναρράπτω (anarrháptō)
- ἀπορράπτω (aporrháptō)
- διαρράπτω (diarrháptō)
- εἰσράπτω (eisráptō)
- ἐνράπτω (enráptō)
- ἐπιρράπτω (epirrháptō)
- καταρράπτω (katarrháptō)
- μεταρράπτω (metarrháptō)
- νευρορρᾰ́φος (neurorrháphos)
- πᾰλαιορᾰ́φος (palaioráphos)
- παραρράπτομαι (pararrháptomai)
- περιρράπτω (perirrháptō)
- προσράπτω (prosráptō)
- -ρραφία (-rrhaphía)
- συρράπτω (surrháptō)
- ὑπορράπτω (huporrháptō)
Related terms
editReferences
edit- ^ “orv”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy][1] (in Swedish), 1937
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ῥάπτω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1275-6
Further reading
edit- “ῥάπτω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ῥάπτω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “ῥάπτω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ῥάπτω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- ῥάπτω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963