サ行変格活用

See also: サ行變格活用

Japanese

Alternative spelling
サ行變格活用 (kyūjitai)

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

サ行変格活用

Wikipedia ^ja

Compound of サ行 (sa-gyō, “sa-row”) +‎ 変格活用 (henkaku katsuyō, “irregular conjugation”).

(Tokyo) さぎょーへんかくかつよー [sáꜜgyòò hèńkákú káꜜtsùyòò] (Atamadaka + Nakadaka – [1]-[5])^[1]

サ行変格活用(ぎょうへんかくかつよう) • (sa-gyō henkaku katsuyō) ^{←さぎやうへんかくくわつよう (sa-gyau fenkaku kwatuyou)^?}

(grammar) a verbal conjugation class in which the verb stem ends in s-
Synonyms: サ行変格 (sa-gyō henkaku), サ変 (sa-hen)

Modern	未然形 Irrealis	連用形 Adverbial	終止形 Conclusive	連体形 Attributive	仮定形 Conditional	命令形 Imperative
する (sur-, “to do”)	し (shi) せ (se) さ (sa)	し (shi)	する (suru)	する (suru)	すれ (sure)	しろ (shiro) せよ (seyo)
Archaic	未然形 Irrealis	連用形 Adverbial	終止形 Conclusive	連体形 Attributive	已然形 Realis	命令形 Imperative
す (s-, “to do”)	せ (se)	し (si → shi)	す (su)	する (suru)	すれ (sure)	せよ (seyo₂ → seyo)

Some archaic verbs, such as 愛す (aisu, modern 愛する (aisuru), “to love”) were interchanged with the archaic 四段活用 (yodan katsuyō, “quadrigrade conjugation”) or modern 五段活用 (godan katsuyō, “pentagrade conjugation”).
Some archaic verbs, due to rendaku (連濁), shifted into modern 上一段活用 (kami ichidan katsuyō, “upper monograde conjugation”):

そらにす (sora ni su, “do by memory”) → 諳(そら)んずる (soranzuru) → 諳(そら)んじる (soranjiru, “to memorize”)

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN