三皇五帝

Chinese

		the Three Sovereigns	the Five Emperors
simp. and trad. (三皇五帝)		三皇	五帝

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Sānhuáng Wǔdì

  (Zhuyin): ㄙㄢ ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄨˇ ㄉㄧˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): saam¹ wong⁴ ng⁵ dai³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): Sâm-fòng Ńg-ti
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): Sam-hông Ngó͘-tè / Sam-hông Gó͘-tè
• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹se-waon ⁵u-ti

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Sānhuáng Wǔdì
    • Zhuyin: ㄙㄢ ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄨˇ ㄉㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Sanhuáng Wǔdì
    • Wade–Giles: San¹-huang² Wu³-ti⁴
    • Yale: Sān-hwáng Wǔ-dì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Sanhwang Wuudih
    • Palladius: Саньхуан Уди (Sanʹxuan Udi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sän⁵⁵ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ u²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: saam¹ wong⁴ ng⁵ dai³
    • Yale: sāam wòhng ńgh dai
    • Cantonese Pinyin: saam¹ wong⁴ ng⁵ dai³
    • Guangdong Romanization: sam¹ wong⁴ ng⁵ dei³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /saːm⁵⁵ wɔːŋ²¹ ŋ̍¹³ tɐi̯³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Sâm-fòng Ńg-ti
    • Hakka Romanization System: sam^ˊ fong^ˇ ng^ˋ di
    • Hagfa Pinyim: sam¹ fong² ng³ di⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /sam²⁴ foŋ¹¹ ŋ̍³¹ ti⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Sam-hông Ngó͘-tè
    • Tâi-lô: Sam-hông Ngóo-tè
    • Phofsit Daibuun: samhoong ngofdex
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /sam⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ²³⁻³³ ŋɔ̃⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ te²¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /sam⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ¹³⁻²² ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ te²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /sam⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ te¹¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /sam⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ te²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Sam-hông Gó͘-tè
    • Tâi-lô: Sam-hông Góo-tè
    • Phofsit Daibuun: samhoong gofdex
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /sam³³ hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² ɡɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ te⁴¹/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹se-waon ⁵u-ti
    • MiniDict: se^平 waon u^去 ti
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹se-hhuaan ²u-ti
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /se⁵⁵ ɦuɑ̃³³  u³³ ti⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: sam hwang nguX tejH

Rime
Character	三	皇	五	帝
Reading #	1/2	1/1	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)	匣 (33)	疑 (31)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	談 (143)	唐 (102)	模 (23)	齊 (39)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I	I	IV
Fanqie	蘇甘切	胡光切	疑古切	都計切
Baxter	sam	hwang	nguX	tejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/sɑm/	/ɦwɑŋ/	/ŋuoX/	/teiH/
Pan Wuyun	/sɑm/	/ɦʷɑŋ/	/ŋuoX/	/teiH/
Shao Rongfen	/sɑm/	/ɣuɑŋ/	/ŋoX/	/tɛiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/sam/	/ɦwaŋ/	/ŋɔX/	/tɛjH/
Li Rong	/sɑm/	/ɣuɑŋ/	/ŋoX/	/teiH/
Wang Li	/sɑm/	/ɣuɑŋ/	/ŋuX/	/tieiH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/sɑm/	/ɣwɑŋ/	/ŋuoX/	/tieiH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	sān	huáng	wǔ	dì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	saam1	wong4	ng5	dai3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*s.rum  [ɢ]ʷˤaŋ  C.ŋˤaʔ  tˤek-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*suːm  ɡʷaːŋ  ŋaːʔ  teːɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	三	皇	皇	五	帝
Reading #	1/2	1/2	2/2	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	sān	huáng	huáng	wǔ	dì
Middle Chinese	‹ sam ›	‹ hwang ›	‹ hwang ›	‹ nguX ›	‹ tejH ›
Old Chinese	/*s.rum/ (*s.r- > s-; infl. by 四 *s-?)	/*[ɢ]ʷˁaŋ/	/*[ɢ]ʷˁaŋ/	/*C.ŋˁaʔ/	/*tˁek-s/
English	three	yellow and white spotted	sovereign	five	God
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	三	皇	五	帝
Reading #	1/2	1/1	1/1	1/1
No.	10963	12696	13147	2313
Phonetic component	三	王	五	帝
Rime group	侵	陽	魚	賜
Rime subdivision	3	0	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	三	黃	五	帝
Old Chinese	/*suːm/	/*ɡʷaːŋ/	/*ŋaːʔ/	/*teːɡs/
Notes		禮王制鄭注冕屬， 金文象羽冠，王聲；或雲象日射輝則爲暀晃初文		甲金文象根啇非朿聲

Proper noun

三皇五帝

1. (Chinese mythology) the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors

See also

• 黃帝／黄帝 (Huángdì)
• 盤古／盘古 (Pángǔ)
• 堯舜／尧舜 (Yáo-Shùn)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
三	皇	五	帝
さん Grade: 1	こう Grade: 6	ご Grade: 1	てい Grade: S
kan'on

Etymology

From Chinese 三皇五帝 (Sānhuáng Wǔdì).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) さんこーごてー [sàńkóó gótéé] (Heiban – [0])
• (Tokyo) さんこーごてー [sàńkóó góꜜtèè] (Nakadaka – [5])
• IPA^(key): [sã̠ŋko̞ː ɡo̞te̞ː]

Proper noun

三(さん)皇(こう)五(ご)帝(てい) • (Sankō Gotei) ^{←さんくわうごてい (Sankwaugotei)?}

1. the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors

See also

• 始(し)皇(こう)帝(てい) (Shikōtei)

Korean

Hanja in this term
三	皇	五	帝

Proper noun

三皇五帝 • (Samhwang'oje) (hangeul 삼황오제)

1. hanja form^? of 삼황오제 (“the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
三	皇	五	帝

Proper noun

三皇五帝

1. chữ Hán form of Tam Hoàng Ngũ Đế (“the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors”).