Wiktionary

亞

See also: 亚 and 亜
亞 U+4E9E, 亞
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E9E
← 亝
[U+4E9D] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 亟 →
[U+4E9F]

Translingual

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Traditional 亞
Shinjitai 亜
Simplified 亚

Han character

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亞 (Kangxi radical 7, 二+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 一中中一 (MLLM), four-corner 10107, composition ⿴二⿰⿳丨一𠃑⿳𠃑一丨)

  1. Shuowen Jiezi radical №506

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 87, character 13
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 274
  • Dae Jaweon: page 183, character 20
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 23, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+4E9E

Chinese

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trad. 亞
simp. 亚
alternative forms 亜
𠀓
𠄮
俹／𱎫
䢝

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 亞
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
       
 
j29651
 
j29652
 
j29653
 
j29654
 
j29655
 
j29656
 
j29657
 
j29658
 
j29659
 
j29660
 
j29661
 
j29662
 
j29663
 
j29664
 
j29665
 
j29666
 
j29667
 
j29668
 
j29669
 
j29670
 
j29671
 
j29672
 
j29673
 
j29674
 
j29675
 
j29676
 
j29677
 
j29678
 
j29679
 
j29680
 
j29681
 
j29682
 
j29683
 
j29684
 
j29685
 
j29686
 
j29687
 
j29688
 
j29689
 
j29690
 
j29691
 
j29692
 
j29693
 
j29694
 
j29695
 
j29696
 
j29697
 
j29698
 
j29699
 
j29700
 
j29701
 
j29702
 
j29703
 
j29704
 
j29705
 
j29706
 
j29707
 
j29708
 
j29709
 
j29710
 
j29711
 
j29712
 
j29713
 
j29714
 
j29715
 
j29716
 
j29717
 
j29718
 
j29719
 
j29720
 
j29721
 
j29722
 
j29723
 
j29724
 
j29725
 
j29726
 
j29727
 
j29728
 
j29729
 
j29730
 
j29731
 
b19832
 
b19833
 
b19834
 
b19835
 
b19836
 
b19837
 
b19838
 
b19839
 
b19840
 
b19841
 
b19842
 
b19843
 
b19844
 
b19845
 
b19846
 
b19847
 
b19848
 
b19849
 
b19850
 
b19851
 
b19852
 
b19853
 
b19854
 
s10917
Transcribed ancient scripts
 
L36894
 
L23820
 
L23821
 
L23822
 
L23823
 
L23824
 
L23825
 
L23826
 
L23827
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (亞) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
椏 *qaːʔ, *qraː
錏 *qraː
鵶 *qraː
啞 *qraːʔ, *qraːɡs, *qraːɡ, *qraːɡ
瘂 *qraːʔ
亞 *qraːɡs
婭 *qraːɡs
俹 *qraːɡs
稏 *qraːɡs
惡 *qaː, *qaːɡs, *qaːɡ
噁 *qaːɡs
堊 *qaːɡ
蝁 *qaːɡ

Pictogram (象形) : an overhead view of a construction, likely a 亞-shaped tomb. Perhaps borrowed phonetically to mean "second; inferior".

Etymology 1

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Probably from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔrak (“inferior; dependent”), whence Tibetan རག (rag, “to depend on; subject; subservient; dependent”) (Bodman, 1980; Coblin, 1986).

Karlgren (1957) connects it to 惡 (OC *qaːɡ, “evil”), but Schuessler (2007) considers this to be unlikely due to the semantics.

The shangsheng pronunciation in Mandarin (yǎ) is a result of influence from the pronunciation of 啞／哑 (yǎ), whose written form contains 亞 as a component (Fu, 1958).

Pronunciation

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Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.
Note:
  • a, ah - vernacular;
  • à - literary.
Rime
Character 亞
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 麻 (98)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 衣嫁切
Baxter 'aeH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʔˠaH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʔᵚaH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʔaH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʔaɨH/
Li
Rong 		/ʔaH/
Wang
Li 		/aH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ʔaH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yà
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		aa3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 亞
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yà
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ʔæH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ʔˁrak-s/
English secondary

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 亞
Reading # 1/1
No. 14212
Phonetic
component 		亞
Rime
group 		暮
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		亞
Old
Chinese 		/*qraːɡs/

Definitions

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亞

  1. † a house (four walls & windows, seen from above)
  2. second; inferior
    亞軍／亚军  ―  yàjūn  ―  second place
    不亞於／不亚于  ―  bù yàyú  ―  not inferior to
  3. † Alternative form of 婭 / 娅
  4. a surname

Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.

Definitions

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亞

  1. Used in transcription.
    亞美尼亞／亚美尼亚  ―  Yàměiníyà  ―  Armenia
    哥倫比亞／哥伦比亚  ―  Gēlúnbǐyà  ―  Colombia
    薩摩亞／萨摩亚  ―  Sàmóyà  ―  Samoa
    亞格拉／亚格拉  ―  Yàgélā  ―  Agra
    亞琛／亚琛  ―  Yàchēn  ―  Aachen
    亞眠／亚眠  ―  Yàmián  ―  Amiens
    亞當／亚当  ―  Yàdāng  ―  Adam
    亞氏保加症／亚氏保加症  ―  Yàshìbǎojiāzhèng  ―  Asperger syndrome
    1. (～洲) Short for 亞細亞／亚细亚 (Yàxìyà, “Asia”).
      東亞／东亚  ―  Dōngyà  ―  East Asia
      亞裔／亚裔  ―  yàyì  ―  Asian (ethnicity)
      亞太地區／亚太地区  ―  Yàtài dìqū  ―  Asia-Pacific

Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (亞):
  • → Japanese: 亜(あ) (a)
  • → Korean: 아(亞) (a)
  • → Vietnamese: Á (亞)

Etymology 3

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Pronunciation

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Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.

Definitions

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亞

  1. (chiefly dialectal) Alternative form of 阿 (“kinship prefix”)

Etymology 4

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Pronunciation

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Definitions

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亞

  1. (Nanning Pinghua) this
    亞件衫／亚件衫 [Nanning Pinghua]  ―  aa3 gyun6 saam1 [Jyutping++]  ―  this shirt
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 這 (“this”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 此, 斯, 是, 之, 茲 anteclassical, 夫, 爾
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 這
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 這
Taiwan 這
Chengde 這
Chifeng 這
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 這
Heihe 這
Qiqihar 這
Jiamusi 這
Baicheng 這
Changchun 這
Tonghua 這
Shenyang 這
Jinzhou 這
Malaysia 這
Singapore 這
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 這
Tangshan 這
Cangzhou 這
Baoding 這
Shijiazhuang 這
Lijin 這
Jinan 這
Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 這
Dandong 這
Yantai 這
Qingdao 這
Zhucheng 這
Central Plains Mandarin Lingbao 這
Jining 這
Linfen 這
Shangqiu 這
Yuanyang 這
Zhengzhou 這
Xinyang 這
Baihe 這
Xi'an 這
Baoji 這
Tianshui 這
Xining 這
Xuzhou 這
Pizhou 這
Lianyungang (Ganyu) 這
Donghai 這
Fuyang 這
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 這
Lanzhou 這
Dunhuang 這
Hami 這
Ürümqi 這
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 這
Nanchong 這
Dazhou 這
Hanyuan 這
Xichang 這
Zigong 這
Chongqing 這
Wuhan 這
Yichang 這
Tianmen 這
Guiyang 這
Zunyi 這
Bijie 這
Liping 這
Zhaotong 這
Dali 這
Kunming 這
Mengzi 這
Guilin 這
Liuzhou 這
Jishou 這
Changde 這
Hanzhong 這
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 這
Yangzhou 這
Baoying 這
Taizhou 這
Zhenjiang 這
Lianyungang 這
Huai'an (Huaiyin) 這
Lianshui 這
Xuyi 這
Nantong 這
Rugao 這
Yancheng 這
Funing 這
Sihong 這
Wuhu 這
Hefei 這
Hong'an 這
Cantonese Guangzhou 呢, 依
Hong Kong 呢, 依
Macau 呢
Taishan 該
Dongguan 呢
Yangjiang 果
Nanning 阿
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 呢
Singapore (Guangfu) 呢, 依
Gan Nanchang 箇
Nanchang (Wangcheng) 箇
Anyi 箇
Lushan 箇
Duchang 箇
Wuning (Quankou) 該
Poyang 箇
Yugan 該
Wannian 該
Yanshan (Hekou) 這
Yichun 箇
Yifeng 箇
Gao'an 箇
Fengxin 箇
Shanggao 里
Wanzai 箇
Fengcheng 該
Xinyu 該
Fuzhou (Shangdundu) 該
Fuzhou (Dongxiang) 箇
Nancheng 箇
Nanfeng 箇
Yihuang 箇
Lichuan 該
Chongren 該
Pingxiang 該
Ji'an 蓋
Taihe 箇
Xiajiang 該
Yingtan (Yujiang) 箇
Guixi 箇
Jianning 個
Jinxian 箇
Jinxi 箇
Le'an 該
Guangchang 改
Suichuan 底
Wan'an 介
Jing'an 箇
Zhangshu 該
Xingan 個
Fenyi 改
Hakka Changting 爾
Ninghua 只
Qingliu 這
Yudu 底
Ningdu 底
Ruijin 底
Shicheng 底
Xunwu 底
Huichang 底
Xingguo 界
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 這
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 這
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 這
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 這
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 這
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 這
Hong Kong 這
Huizhou Jixi 爾
Shexian 這
Wuyuan 伊
Jin Taiyuan 這
Yangyuan 這
Datong 這
Xinzhou 這
Lüliang (Lishi) 這
Changzhi 這
Linhe 這
Jining 這
Hohhot 這
Erenhot 這
Pingshan 這
Zhangjiakou 這
Handan 這
Suide 這
Northern Min Jian'ou 𱕇
Eastern Min Fuzhou 只, 者, 嚽
Fuzhou (Changle) 這
Lianjiang 這
Fuqing 者
Pingtan 這
Yongtai 這
Minqing 這
Gutian 這
Pingnan 這
Luoyuan 這
Fu'an 這
Ningde 這
Xiapu 這
Zherong 這
Shouning 這
Zhouning 這
Fuding 這
Singapore (Fuqing) 這
Southern Min Xiamen 這
Xiamen (Tong'an) 這
Quanzhou 只, 這
Jinjiang 這
Nan'an 這
Shishi 這
Hui'an 這
Anxi 這
Yongchun 這
Dehua 這
Zhangzhou 這
Zhangzhou (Longhai) 這
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 這
Hua'an 這
Nanjing 這
Pinghe 這
Zhangpu 這
Yunxiao 這
Zhao'an 只
Dongshan 這
Taipei 這
Kinmen 這
Penang (Hokkien) 這
Singapore (Hokkien) 這
Manila (Hokkien) 這
Longyan 迄好
Zhangping 這
Chaozhou 只
Shantou 只
Jieyang 只
Haifeng 只
Singapore (Teochew) 只
Batam (Teochew) 只
Wenchang 這
Haikou 這
Singapore (Hainanese) 這
Puxian Min Putian 只蜀
Xianyou 只蜀
Central Min Yong'an 這
Sanming (Shaxian) 這
Shaojiang Min Guangze 當
Jiangle 者
Mingxi 只
Shunchang 這
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 亞
Shehua Cangnan 這
Jingning (Hexi) 個
Wu Shanghai 搿, 迭 dated, 第 obsolete
Shanghai (Songjiang) 搿
Shanghai (Fengxian) 格
Shanghai (Jinshan) 格
Shanghai (Chongming) 吉, 講, 葛 also that
Suzhou 該, 搿
Suzhou (Shengze, Wujiang) 個
Wuxi 意
Changshu 俚
Jiaxing 葛
Jiashan 葛
Pinghu 葛
Haining (Yanguan) 葛
Tongxiang 葛
Haiyan 葛
Changzhou 資
Danyang 格
Nanjing (Gaochun) 格
Huzhou 格
Changxing 格
Anji 格
Deqing 葛
Hangzhou 葛
Hangzhou (Yuhang) 葛
Hangzhou (Lin'an) 葛
Hangzhou (Fuyang) 葛
Tonglu 葛
Tonglu (Wusheng) 個個
Shaoxing 咸
Zhuji 咸
Shengzhou 咸
Xinchang 咸
Ningbo 葛
Ningbo (Zhenhai) 葛
Yuyao 耶
Cixi 葛
Taizhou (Huangyan) 葛
Tiantai 葛
Sanmen 葛
Wenling 葛, 格
Wenzhou 個
Yueqing 個
Yongjia (Fenglin) 個
Rui'an 個
Pingyang 個
Taishun 這
Wencheng 個
Lishui 已
Qingtian 已
Jinyun 已
Songyang (Xiping) 益
Yunhe 益
Qingyuan 這
Longquan 搭
Suichang 益
Jiangshan 益
Changshan 益
Kaihua 益
Longyou 個
Jinhua 等, 待
Yiwu 吾
Yongkang 個
Pujiang 這, 吉
Dongyang 個
Wuyi 愛個
Lanxi 個
Shangrao 這
Shangrao (Guangfeng) 伊
Yushan 伊
Xiang Changsha 咯
Shuangfeng 咯

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Shinjitai

亜

Kyūjitai

亞

Kanji

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亞

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 亜)

  1. rank
  2. follow
  3. sub- prefix

Readings

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  • Go-on: え (e)
  • Kan-on: あ (a)、あつ (atsu)、おう (ō)
  • Kun: つぎ (tsugi, 亞ぎ)、つぐ (tsugu, 亞ぐ)

Definitions

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For pronunciation and definitions of 亞 – see the following entry.
【亜】S
[kanji] jōyō kanji
[kanji] rank
[kanji] follow
[kanji] sub- prefix
[kanji] Used in transliteration of place names.
Kanji reading:
え, あく, よう, あ, おう, つぐ, つぎ, [[<! つぐる#Japanese|<! つぐる]], [[> みつる#Japanese|> みつる]]
(This term, 亞, is the kyūjitai of the above term.)

Usage notes

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Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 亞 (MC 'aeH).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

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  • (phonetic element in transliterations):
  • (second; sub-; ranking next; etc.):
    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [a̠(ː)]
    • Phonetic hangul: [아(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

亞 (eumhun 버금 아 (beogeum a))

  1. hanja form? of 아 (“second; sub-”)
  2. hanja form? of 아 (“ranking next; coming after”)
  3. hanja form? of 아 (“Asia (abbreviation)”)
  4. hanja form? of 아 (“used as a prefix to names”)

Compounds

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Compounds

Proper noun

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Hanja in this term
亞

亞 • (A) (hangeul 아)

  1. (in headlines) Short for 亞細亞아세아 (Asea, “Asia”).

Usage notes

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A common convention in news headlines, this is almost always written solely in the Hanja form, even in contemporary Korean text otherwise devoid of any Hanja.

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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亞: Hán Nôm readings: á, a

  1. Asia
  2. Asiatic

References

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Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=亞&oldid=83086883"
  NODES
Note 10