Wiktionary

允

See also: 充
允 U+5141, 允
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5141
← 兀
[U+5140] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 兂 →
[U+5142]

Translingual

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Han character

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允 (Kangxi radical 10, 儿+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 戈竹山 (IHU), four-corner 23210, composition ⿱厶儿)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 123, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1338
  • Dae Jaweon: page 258, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 265, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+5141

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 允

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 允
Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Small seal script
       
 
j20520
 
j20521
 
j20522
 
j20523
 
j20524
 
j20525
 
j20526
 
j20527
 
j20528
 
j20529
 
j20530
 
j20531
 
j20532
 
j20533
 
j20534
 
j20535
 
j20536
 
j20537
 
j20538
 
j20539
 
j20540
 
j20541
 
j20542
 
j20543
 
j20544
 
j20545
 
j20546
 
j20547
 
j20548
 
j20549
 
j20550
 
j20551
 
j20552
 
j20553
 
j20554
 
j20555
 
j20556
 
j20557
 
j20558
 
j20559
 
j20560
 
j20561
 
j20562
 
j20563
 
j20564
 
j20565
 
j20566
 
j20567
 
j20568
 
j20569
 
j20570
 
j20571
 
j20572
 
j20573
 
j20574
 
j20575
 
j20576
 
j20577
 
j20578
 
j20579
 
j20580
 
j20581
 
j20582
 
j20583
 
j20584
 
j20585
 
j20586
 
j20587
 
j20596
 
j20597
 
j20598
 
j20599
 
j20600
 
j20601
 
j20602
 
j20603
 
j20604
 
j20605
 
j20606
 
j20607
 
j20608
 
j20609
 
j20610
 
j20611
 
j20612
 
j20613
 
j20614
 
j20615
 
j20616
 
j20617
 
j20622
 
b13468
 
b13469
 
b13470
 
b13471
 
s06202
Transcribed ancient scripts
 
L15716
 
L15717
 
L15718
 
L15719
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (允) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
唆 *sloːl
梭 *sloːl
葰 *sloːlʔ, *sroːlʔ, *slul
誜 *sroːls
朘 *ʔslon
捘 *ʔsluːls, *ʔsluːns, *sʰlun
荾 *slul
酸 *sloːn
狻 *sloːn
痠 *sloːn
鋑 *ʔslon
脧 *ʔsluːl
悛 *sʰlon
吮 *zlonʔ, *ɦljunʔ
萒 *ɡronʔ, *lonʔ
沇 *lonʔ
抁 *lonʔ
馻 *lonʔ, *lunʔ
兖 *lonʔ
渷 *lonʔ
兗 *lonʔ
焌 *ʔsluːns, *ʔsluns, *sʰlud
允 *lunʔ
狁 *lunʔ
玧 *lunʔ
俊 *ʔsluns
晙 *ʔsluns, *sluns
餕 *ʔsluns
畯 *ʔsluns
駿 *ʔsluns
竣 *sʰlun
皴 *sʰlun
逡 *sʰlun
踆 *sʰlun
夋 *sʰlun
埈 *sluns
陖 *sluns
鵕 *sluns
浚 *sluns
峻 *sluns

Oracle bone script: Pictogram (象形) – a person with the head emphasized, indicating a nod.

Bronze inscriptions onward (corrupted form): Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *lunʔ) : phonetic 㠯 (OC *lɯʔ) + semantic 儿 (“person”).

Etymology

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Schuessler (2007) minimally reconstructs *winʔ or *junʔ:

Pronunciation

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  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 允
Mandarin Beijing /yn²¹⁴/
/ʐuən²¹⁴/
Harbin /yn²¹³/
Tianjin /yŋ¹³/
Jinan /yẽ⁵⁵/
Qingdao /yə̃⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /yn⁵³/
Xi'an /yẽ⁵³/
Xining /yə̃⁵³/
Yinchuan /yŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /ỹn⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /ʐuŋ⁵¹/
/vɤŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /yn⁴²/
Chengdu /yn⁵³/
/yoŋ⁵³/
Guiyang /in⁴²/
Kunming /ĩ⁵³/
Nanjing /yn²¹²/
Hefei /yn²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /yəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /yŋ⁵³/
Hohhot /ỹŋ⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /ɦyŋ²³/
/ɦioŋ²³/
Suzhou /yən⁵¹/
Hangzhou /ʔin⁵³/
Wenzhou /j̠oŋ³⁵/
Hui Shexian /yʌ̃³⁵/
Tunxi /yan²⁴/
Xiang Changsha /yn⁴¹/
Xiangtan /yn⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /yn²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /ŋiun⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /ʒuŋ²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /wɐn³⁵/
Nanning /wɐn³⁵/
Hong Kong /wɐn³⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /un⁵³/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /yŋ³²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /œyŋ²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /zuŋ⁵³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /zun²¹³/
Rime
Character 允
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 以 (36)
Final (韻) 諄 (47)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 余準切
Baxter ywinX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/jiuɪnX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/jʷinX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/juenX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/jwinX/
Li
Rong 		/iuĕnX/
Wang
Li 		/jĭuĕnX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/i̯uĕnX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yǔn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		wan5
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 允
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yǔn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ywinX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[l]u[r]ʔ/
English truly

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 允
Reading # 1/1
No. 16452
Phonetic
component 		允
Rime
group 		文
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		尹
Old
Chinese 		/*lunʔ/
Notes 說文以聲

Definitions

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允

  1. † to allow; to consent; to permit
    允許／允许  ―  yǔnxǔ  ―  to allow
  2. † fair; just; equitable; even-handed; impartial
    公允  ―  gōngyǔn  ―  fair
  3. † proper; suitable; appropriate
  4. † honest; genuine
  5. a surname

Synonyms

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  • (to allow):
  • (fair):
  • (proper):
  • (honest):

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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允

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

  1. consent
  2. sincerity
  3. permit

Readings

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  • Go-on: いん (in)
  • Kan-on: いん (in)
  • Kun: まこと (makoto, 允)、ゆるす (yurusu, 允す)、じょう (jō, 允)
  • Nanori: なり (nari)、や (ya)

Proper noun

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允(まこと) • (Makoto) 

  1. a male given name

Korean

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Hanja

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允 (eum 윤 (yun))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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允: Hán Nôm readings: doãn, duẫn

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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  NODES
Note 3