冬天

Chinese

		winter	day; sky; heaven
simp. and trad. (冬天)		冬	天
anagram		天冬

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): dōngtiān

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄥㄊㄧㄢ

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): дунтян (dunti͡an, I-II)
Cantonese (Jyutping): dung¹ tin¹
Gan (Wiktionary): 'dung¹ tien¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): tûng-thiên

(Meixian, Guangdong): dung¹ tiên¹
Jin (Wiktionary): dung¹ tie¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): tang-thiⁿ / tong-thian

(Teochew, Peng'im): dang¹ tin¹
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹ton-thi
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): dong¹ tienn¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: dōngtiān → dōngtian (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄥㄊㄧㄢ → ㄉㄨㄥ ˙ㄊㄧㄢ (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Tongyong Pinyin: dongtiån
  - Wade–Giles: tung¹-tʻien⁵
  - Yale: dūng-tyan
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dong.tian
  - Palladius: дунтянь (duntjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʊŋ⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/ → /tʊŋ⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn²/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: dōngtiānr
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄥㄊㄧㄢㄦ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: dongtianr
  - Wade–Giles: tung¹-tʻien¹-ʼrh
  - Yale: dūng-tyānr
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dongtial
  - Palladius: дунтяньр (duntjanʹr)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʊŋ⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: дунтян (dunti͡an, I-II)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tuŋ²⁴ tʰiæ̃⁵¹/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: dung¹ tin¹
  - Yale: dūng tīn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dung¹ tin¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: dung¹ tin¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʊŋ⁵⁵ tʰiːn⁵⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: 'dung¹ tien¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˈtuŋ⁴² tʰiɛn⁴²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tûng-thiên
  - Hakka Romanization System: dung^ˊ tien^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: dung¹ tian¹
  - Sinological IPA: /tuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰi̯en²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: dung¹ tiên¹
  - Sinological IPA: /tʊŋ⁴⁴ tʰiɛn⁴⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: dung¹ tie¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /tuŋ¹¹ tʰie¹¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tang-thiⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: tang-thinn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dangtvy
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /taŋ³³ tʰĩ³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tʰĩ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰĩ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tong-thian
  - Tâi-lô: tong-thian
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dongtiefn
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tʰiɛn⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: dang¹ tin¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tang thiⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /taŋ³³⁻²³ tʰĩ³³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹ton-thi
  - MiniDict: ton^平 thi
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹ton-thi
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /toŋ⁵⁵ tʰi²¹/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: dong¹ tienn¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /tʊŋ³³ tʰi̯ẽ³³/
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /tən³³ tʰi̯ẽ³³/

Middle Chinese: towng then

Rime
Character	冬	天
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	端 (5)	透 (6)
Final (韻)	冬 (5)	先 (85)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	IV
Fanqie	都宗切	他前切
Baxter	towng	then
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tuoŋ/	/tʰen/
Pan Wuyun	/tuoŋ/	/tʰen/
Shao Rongfen	/toŋ/	/tʰɛn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tawŋ/	/tʰɛn/
Li Rong	/toŋ/	/tʰen/
Wang Li	/tuoŋ/	/tʰien/
Bernhard Karlgren	/tuoŋ/	/tʰien/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dōng	tiān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	dung¹	tin¹

Noun

冬天

winter
夏天和冬天，你更喜歡哪一個？ [MSC, trad.]
夏天和冬天，你更喜欢哪一个？ [MSC, simp.]
Xiàtiān hé dōngtiān, nǐ gèng xǐhuān nǎ yī ge? [Pinyin]
Do you prefer summer or winter?

她在冬天收集了許多雪水，準備夏天用來降暑。 [MSC, trad.]
她在冬天收集了许多雪水，准备夏天用来降暑。 [MSC, simp.]
Tā zài dōngtiān shōují le xǔduō xuěshuǐ, zhǔnbèi xiàtiān yònglái jiàng shǔ. [Pinyin]
She collected lots of snow water in winter so as to reduce the heat in summer.

冬天的時候哈爾濱是冰天雪地。 [MSC, trad.]
冬天的时候哈尔滨是冰天雪地。 [MSC, simp.]
Dōngtiān de shíhòu Hā'ěrbīn shì bīngtiānxuědì. [Pinyin]
During winter Harbin is a world of ice and snow.

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 冬天 (“winter”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		冬, 冬日
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		冬天, 冬季, 冬日
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	冬天
	Taiwan	冬天
	Chengde	冬天
	Chifeng	冬天
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	冬天
	Heihe	冬天
	Qiqihar	冬天
	Harbin	冬天
	Wuchang (Yingchengzi)	冬天
	Jiamusi	冬天
	Baicheng	冬天
	Changchun	冬天
	Tonghua	冬天
	Shenyang	冬天
	Jinzhou	冬天
	Singapore	冬天
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	冬天, 冬底下
	Tangshan	冬天
	Cangzhou	冬天
	Xianxian (Xiaoying)	冬天
	Baoding	冬天
	Shijiazhuang	冬天
	Lijin	冬天
	Jinan	冬天
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Dalian	冬天, 冬季天兒
	Dandong	冬天
	Yantai	冬天
	Yantai (Muping)	冬天, 冬季天兒
	Qingdao	冬天, 臘月天兒
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	冬天
	Lingbao	冬天
	Jining	冬天
	Daming	冬天
	Wanrong	冬間
	Linfen	冬天
	Shangqiu	冬天
	Yuanyang	冬天
	Zhengzhou	冬天
	Xinyang	冬天
	Baihe	冬天, 九天, 九裡頭
	Xi'an	冬天, 冬裡
	Dingbian	冬天, 冬裡
	Baoji	冬天, 寒天, 冬上
	Tianshui	冬天
	Xining	冬天
	Xuzhou	冷天, 冬天, 寒裡
	Fuyang	冬天
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	冬天
	Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan)	冬天
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	冬天
	Yongning (Najiahu)	冬天, 冷天
	Lanzhou	冬天, 冬月天, 冷月天
	Dunhuang	冬天, 冬裡
	Hami	冬天
	Ürümqi	冬天
	Ürümqi (Xigou)	冬天
	Ürümqi (Changshanzi)	冬天
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	冬天, 冬天家
	Nanchong	冬天, 寒天
	Dazhou	冷天
	Hanyuan	冬天, 冷天
	Xichang	冬天, 寒天
	Zigong	冬天, 冷天, 冬辰
	Chongqing	冬天, 冷天
	Wuhan	冬季, 冬天, 冷天, 冷季
	Yichang	冷天
	Xiangyang	冬天, 冷天裡
	Tianmen	冬天, 寒天, 冷天
	Guiyang	冬天, 冬天家, 寒天
	Zunyi	冬天
	Bijie	冷天家
	Liping	冬天
	Zhaotong	冬天
	Dali	冬天
	Kunming	冬天
	Mengzi	冬天
	Guilin	冬天
	Pingle	寒天, 寒冷天, 冬月天
	Liuzhou	冬天, 冷天
	Nanning (Wuming)	冬天, 冷天, 北風天
	Hechi (Yizhou)	冬天, 冷天
	Luocheng (Dongmen)	冬天, 冷天
	Tianlin (Langping)	冬天
	Jishou	冬天, 冷天
	Changde	冬天
	Hanzhong	冬天
	Mae Salong (Lancang)	冷天
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	冷天, 冬天
	Yangzhou	冷天, 冬寒天, 冬天, 寒裡
	Lianyungang	冬天, 寒天, 寒裡
	Lianshui	冬天, 寒裡頭
	Nantong	寒天
	Anqing	冬天, 冷天
	Wuhu	冬天
	Hefei	冬天
	Hong'an	冬天道, 冷天道
Cantonese	Guangzhou	冬天, 冷天
	Hong Kong	冬天, 凍天
	Taishan	冷天
	Taishan (Guanghai)	冬天
	Kaiping (Chikan)	冷天
	Dongguan	冬天
	Nanning	冷天
	Wuzhou	冷天
	Yulin	天冷天
	Guiping (Jiangkou)	冷天, 冬天
	Guiping (Madong)	冬天, 北風天
	Baise	冷天
	Mandalay (Taishan)	冬天
Gan	Nanchang	冬天
	Pengze	冬下天
	Lichuan	冷天
	Pingxiang	冷天, 冬下裡
Hakka	Meixian	冬天, 冬下, 冬下頭, 寒天, 冷天
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	冷天
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	冷天
	Wuhua (Changbu)	冬下晨
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	冷天
	Liancheng (Peitian)	冬下
	Yudu	冬下
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	寒天, 冷天, 冬下頭
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	寒天, 冷天, 冬下頭
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	寒天, 冷天, 冬下頭, 冬下時
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	寒天, 冬下頭
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	寒天, 冬下頭, 冬下時
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	寒天, 冬天
	Bobai (Shahe)	冬天
	Bobai (Longtan)	冬天
	Bobai (Lingping)	冷天
	Beiliu (Gonghe, Xilang)	冬天
	Xingye (Gaofeng)	冬下天
	Guilin (Xiaojiang, Lingui)	冬天
	Pingle (Tong'an)	冬天
	Yangshuo (Jinbao)	冬天, 冬下
	Sabah (Longchuan)	冬天, 冬季
	Pontianak (Meixian)	冷天
Huizhou	Jixi	下冬, 冬場子, 冬場下
Huizhou	Shexian	冬天
Jin	Taiyuan	冬天
	Yangyuan	冬天, 冬末寒天
	Datong (Xicetian, Yunzhou)	冬天, 冬哩
	Xinzhou	冬天, 冬金天, 冬兒, 冬景天
	Lüliang (Lishi)	冬天
	Changzhi	冬天
	Linhe	冬天, 冬天裡
	Jining	冬天
	Hohhot	冬天
	Erenhot	冬天
	Pingshan	冬天
	Zhangjiakou	冬天
	Handan	冬天
	Linzhou	冬天
	Suide	冬裡
Northern Min	Jian'ou	冬天
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	凊天, 冬天
	Fuzhou (Changle)	凊天
	Fuqing	凊天, 冬天
	Yongtai	凊天
	Gutian	寒天
	Fu'an	寒天
	Ningde	寒天
	Shouning	寒天
	Zhouning	寒天
	Fuding	寒天
	Matsu	冬天
Southern Min	Xiamen	冬天, 寒天, 寒冬, 寒儂
	Quanzhou	冬天, 寒天, 寒儂
	Yongchun	寒天, 冬天
	Zhangzhou	冬天, 寒天, 寒冬
	Zhao'an	寒天, 冬天
	Dongshan	寒天, 冬天
	Taipei	冬天, 寒儂, 寒天
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	冬仔, 寒天
	Kaohsiung	冬天, 寒儂, 寒天
	Yilan	冬天, 寒儂, 寒天
	Changhua (Lukang)	冬天, 寒儂, 寒天
	Taichung	冬天, 寒天
	Tainan	冬天, 寒儂, 寒天
	Hsinchu	冬天, 寒天儂
	Kinmen	冬天, 寒天
	Penghu (Magong)	冬天, 寒天
	Penang (Hokkien)	冬天
	Singapore (Hokkien)	寒天
	Manila (Hokkien)	寒儂
	Zhangping (Yongfu)	寒天, 在冬
	Guilin (Biyange)	冬天
	Pingle (Zhoutang)	寒天, 冷天, 冬月天
	Shantou	冬天時, 凝天時
	Shantou (Chenghai)	凝天時, 凊天時, 凊天
	Jieyang	冬天時, 凝天時, 寒天時
	Haifeng	凝天時, 凊天時, 冬天時
	Leizhou	冬天
	Haikou	冬季
	Qionghai	寒天
Puxian Min	Putian	寒天, 冬天
Central Min	Yong'an	冬天
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	冬季
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Wutong, Lingui)	冬天, 冷天
	Guilin (Liutang, Lingui)	冬天
	Lingchuan (Sanjie)	冷天, 冬天
	Lingchuan (Shuangzhou)	冬天
Waxiang	Guzhang (Gaofeng)	冬天
Wu	Shanghai	冬天, 冷天, 冬場裡, 寒場裡
	Shanghai (Chongming)	寒天, 寒場裡, 寒裡
	Suzhou	冬天, 冷天, 寒天
	Danyang	冬天, 冬天頭, 冬季
	Hangzhou	冬天
	Ningbo	冬天價, 冬天
	Wenzhou	天色冷, 十二月
	Jinhua	冬天
	Jinhua (Tangxi)	冬裡
Xiang	Changsha	冬天, 冷天
	Loudi	冬天
	Quanzhou	冬天

Derived terms

核冬天 (hédōngtiān)
火山冬天 (huǒshān dōngtiān)