刮

See also: 颳

刮 U+522E, 刮 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-522E ← 刭 [U+522D] CJK Unified Ideographs 刯 → [U+522F]

Translingual

Han character

刮 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 竹口中弓 (HRLN), four-corner 2260₀, composition ⿰舌刂)

Derived characters

• 𠵯, 𢯔, 𣈛, 𠟥, 𮢏

Further reading

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 138, character 29
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1943
• Dae Jaweon: page 314, character 7
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 335, character 3
• Unihan data for U+522E

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (桰) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
咶	*qʰroːds, *qʰroːds, *ɡroːd
話	*ɡroːds
刮	*kroːd
鴰	*kroːd, *koːd
趏	*kroːd, *kʰroːd
舌	*ɡroːd, *ɦbljed
姡	*ɡroːd, *ɡoːd
頢	*ɡroːd, *koːd
括	*koːd
活	*koːd, *ɡoːd
适	*koːd, *kʰoːd
栝	*koːd, *l̥ʰeːmʔ
佸	*koːd, *ɡoːd
髺	*koːd
聒	*koːd
銛	*koːd, *slem, *l̥ʰeːmʔ
葀	*koːd
懖	*koːd
筈	*koːd, *kʰoːd
萿	*koːd
蛞	*kʰoːd
闊	*kʰoːd
秳	*ɡoːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kroːd) : phonetic 𠯑 (OC *ɡroːd) + semantic 刀 (“knife”).

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		刮
alternative forms		𠜜 劀

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): guā (gua¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄚ

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): гуа (gua, II)

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gwaat³
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): koat

  (Meixian, Guangdong): guad⁵

• Jin (Wiktionary): guah⁴
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): koat / koah / kuih / koeh / khe / khoe

  (Teochew, Peng'im): guêh⁴ / guah⁴ / huah⁴

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁷kuaq

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: guā
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄚ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gua
    • Wade–Giles: kua¹
    • Yale: gwā
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gua
    • Palladius: гуа (gua)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku̯ä⁵⁵/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: гуа (gua, II)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kua⁵¹/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gwaat³
    • Yale: gwaat
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gwaat⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: guad³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷaːt̚³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: koat
    • Hakka Romanization System: guad^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: guad⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /ku̯at̚²/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: guad⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /kuat̚¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: guah⁴
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /kuaʔ²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koat
    • Tâi-lô: kuat
    • Phofsit Daibuun: koad
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kuat̚⁵/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kuat̚³²/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koah
    • Tâi-lô: kuah
    • Phofsit Daibuun: koaq
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kuaʔ⁵/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kuaʔ³²/
  • (Hokkien: Taipei, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kuih
    • Tâi-lô: kuih
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kuiq
    • IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /kuiʔ³²/
  • (Hokkien: Kaohsiung)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koeh
    • Tâi-lô: kueh
    • Phofsit Daibuun: koeq
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kueʔ³²/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khe
    • Tâi-lô: khe
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qef
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou): /kʰe⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khoe
    • Tâi-lô: khue
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qoef
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰue³³/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /kʰue⁴⁴/

Note:

• koat - literary;
• koah - vernacular;
• kuih/koeh - vernacular (俗);
• khe/khoe - 磎 is used in the Mainland.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: guêh⁴ / guah⁴ / huah⁴
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kueh / kuah / huah
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kueʔ²/, /kuaʔ²/, /huaʔ²/

Note:

• guah4 - equivalent to 颳;
• huah4 - dialectal ("to sharpen").

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁷kuaq
    • MiniDict: kuah^入
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴kuaq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kuaʔ⁵⁵/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 刮
Mandarin	Beijing	/kua⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/kua²¹³/ ～風 /kʰua⁴⁴/ ～鬍子
	Tianjin	/kuɑ¹³/
	Jinan	/kua²¹³/ /kʰua²¹³/ ～臉
	Qingdao	/kua⁵⁵/ ～風 /kʰua⁵⁵/ ～臉
	Zhengzhou	/kua²⁴/
	Xi'an	/kua²¹/
	Xining	/kua⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/kua¹³/
	Lanzhou	/kua¹³/
	Ürümqi	/kua²¹³/
	Wuhan	/kua²¹³/
	Chengdu	/kua³¹/
	Guiyang	/kua²¹/
	Kunming	/kua̠³¹/
	Nanjing	/kuɑʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/kuɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/kuaʔ²/
	Pingyao	/kuʌʔ¹³/ ～風 /kuɑ¹³/ ～鬍子
	Hohhot	/kuaʔ⁴³/ ～風 /kua³¹/ 耳～子
Wu	Shanghai	/kuaʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/kuaʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/kuɑʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/ko²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/kuaʔ²¹/
	Tunxi	/kuːə⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/kua²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/kuɒ²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/kuaʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/kuat̚¹/
	Taoyuan	/kuɑt̚²²/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/kwat̚³/
	Nanning	/kʷat̚³³/
	Hong Kong	/kwat̚³/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/kuat̚³²/ /kuaʔ³²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/kuɑʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/kua²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/kuaʔ²/ /kueʔ²/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/kuak̚⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: kwaet

Rime
Character	刮
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	黠 (72)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	古䫄切
Baxter	kwaet
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠuat̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷᵚat̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kuɐt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwaɨt̚/
Li Rong	/kuat̚/
Wang Li	/kwat̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kwăt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gua
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwaat3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[kʷˤ]r[a]t/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kroːd/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	刮
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	guā
Middle Chinese	‹ kwæt ›
Old Chinese	/*[kʷˁ]r[a]t/
English	scrape (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	刮
Reading #	1/1
No.	7559
Phonetic component	桰
Rime group	月
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	刮
Old Chinese	/*kroːd/

Definitions

刮

1. to shave; to pare off; to scrape

   唔小心畀啲嘢刮嚫 [Cantonese, trad.]
   唔小心畀啲嘢刮𰈍 [Cantonese, simp.]

   m⁴ siu² sam¹ bei² di¹ je⁵ gwaat³ can¹ [Jyutping]

   to accidentally scrape oneself on something

   • 走到廚下，把魚接在手內，拿刀刮了三四刮，拎著尾巴，望滾湯鍋裏一摜。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
     走到厨下，把鱼接在手内，拿刀刮了三四刮，拎着尾巴，望滚汤锅里一掼。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]

     From: Wu Jingzi, The Scholars, 1750 CE

     Zǒu dào chúxià, bǎ yú jiē zài shǒu nèi, ná dāo guā le sān sì guā, līn zhù wěibā, wàng gǔntāng guō lǐ yī guàn. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

2. Alternative form of 颳 / 刮 (guā, “to blow”)
3. to wipe; to sweep
4. to plunder; to extort
5. (colloquial) to reprimand; to scold
6. (Cantonese, slang) to find someone

   快啲去刮佢出嚟啦！ [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]

   faai³ di¹ heoi³ gwaat³ keoi⁵ ceot¹ lei⁴ laa¹! [Jyutping]

   Hurry up and go look for him!

Compounds

• 刮削
• 刮痧 (guāshā)
• 刮目相看 (guāmùxiāngkàn)
• 刮臉 / 刮脸 (guāliǎn)
• 刮補 / 刮补
• 刮鬍子 / 刮胡子 (guā húzi)
• 打耳刮子
• 搜刮 (sōuguā)
• 耳刮子

 

Descendants

• → Thai: กวาด (gwàat)

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		刮

Pronunciation

• Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): guad⁶

---

• Hakka
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: guad⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /kuat̚⁵/

Definitions

刮

1. (Hakka) very

   刮唔好意思 [Meixian Hakka]  ―  guad⁶ m² hau³ yi⁴ si¹ [Hakka Transliteration Scheme]  ―  very embarrassed

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 很 (“very”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		甚, 孔
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		很, 非常, 十分
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	挺, 很, 倍兒, 怪
	Taiwan	很, 好, 非常, 超, 蠻, 超級
	Malaysia	很
	Singapore	很, 蠻, 非常
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	挺, 很, 傻, 老, 倍兒, 齁兒
	Jinan	挺, 楞
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	很
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	很, 好
	Chongqing	很
	Wuhan	蠻, 很
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	蠻, 稀, 很
	Hefei	很
Cantonese	Guangzhou	好, 非常之
	Hong Kong	好, 非常, 非常之, 超, 勁, 十分之, 無敵
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	好
	Taishan	好, 十分之
	Yangjiang	好
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	好
	Singapore (Guangfu)	好, 非常之, 非常
Gan	Nanchang	蠻
Hakka	Meixian	好, 刮, 已, 還, 異, 還 exclamation
	Huidong (Daling)	好
	Wuhua (Meilin)	好
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	頂
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	好
	Changting	野
	Wuping (Pingyu)	已, 刮
	Liancheng	樣
	Ninghua	好
	Ruijin	蠻
	Shicheng	蠻
	Shangyou (Shexi)	蠻
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	當, 已, 還
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	蓋, 盡, 還
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	當, 盡, 已, 還
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	當, 已, 還
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	當, 已, 還
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	足, 真, 實在
	Hong Kong	好
	Sabah (Bao'an)	好
	Kuching (Hepo)	很
	Singapore (Dabu)	好
Jin	Taiyuan	很, 挺
Northern Min	Jian'ou	盡
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	野, 真
	Singapore (Fuqing)	真
	Sitiawan (Gutian)	真
Southern Min	Xiamen	真, 野, 誠, 有夠, 萬代, 死人, 非常, 真正, 設汰, 一
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	真
	Quanzhou	真, 野, 誠, 有夠, 萬代, 死人, 設汰
	Jinjiang	野
	Zhangzhou	盡, 蓋, 足, 足範, 有夠, 出奇, 極死, 見死, 死了了, 死人, 設汰, 設汰仔
	Zhao'an	很, 真, 死絕, 好, 非常
	Dongshan	真, 非常
	Taipei	真, 誠
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	真, 誠
	Kaohsiung	有夠, 足, 真, 誠, 蓋
	Yilan	有夠, 足, 誠, 盡
	Changhua (Lukang)	真, 誠
	Taichung	誠, 蓋, 足
	Tainan	有夠, 足, 真, 誠, 蓋
	Hsinchu	真, 誠
	Kinmen	足, 誠
	Penghu (Magong)	真, 誠
	Penang (Hokkien)	真, 誠, 真正
	Singapore (Hokkien)	真, 死爸, 真正, 誠, 足, 有夠
	Manila (Hokkien)	野, 真, 萬代, 真誠, 誠, 有夠
	Chaozhou	過, 好, 非常, 死爸
	Shantou	過, 鐵, 好, 很, 死爸, 死絕
	Shantou (Chenghai)	好, 死絕
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	好, 非常
	Jieyang	過, 好, 死爸, 死絕
	Bangkok (Teochew)	好
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	好
	Singapore (Teochew)	真, 死爸, 非常
	Wenchang	極, 但顧, 真
	Haikou	但顧
	Qionghai	但顧, 真
	Singapore (Hainanese)	但顧, 真
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	好, 蠻
Wu	Shanghai	蠻, 老, 邪氣, 老老, 瞎, 絕, 十分, 十二萬分, 非常, 非常之, 畢, 畢畢, 來得, 來得個, 煞, 交關, 十二分 rare, 窮 dated, 野 dated, 邪 dated
	Suzhou	蠻, 窮
	Hangzhou	蠻, 交關, 木佬佬, 冒
	Ningbo	交關, 蠻, 堪, 𣍐好, 𣍐派, 甮派, 出格, 木牢牢 rare, 猛 rare
	Zhoushan	交關, 蠻, 猛, 堪, 出格, 木牢牢 rare
	Wenzhou	蠻, 蒙, 顯
Xiang	Changsha	很, 蠻
	Shuangfeng	蠻

References

• “刮”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

刮

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• On (unclassified): かつ (katsu)、けち (kechi)
• Kun: けずる (kezuru, 刮る)、きさぐ (kisagu, 刮ぐ)、きさげ (kisage)、こそぐ (kosogu, 刮ぐ)、こそげる (kosogeru, 刮げる)

Compounds

• 刮(かつ)眼(がん) (katsugan)
• 刮(かつ)目(もく) (katsumoku)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 刮 (MC kwaet).

Hanja

Wikisource

刮 (eumhun 깎을 괄 (kkakkeul gwal))

1. hanja form^? of 괄 (“to cut; to shave; to peel”)

Compounds

Compounds

• 괄목 (刮目, gwalmok)
• 괄삭 (刮削, gwalsak)
• 괄구마광 (刮垢摩光, gwalgumagwang)
• 괄목상대 (刮目相對, gwalmoksangdae)
• 귀배괄모 (龜背刮毛, gwibaegwalmo)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

Alternative forms

• 𠜵 (quát)

Han character

刮: Hán Việt readings: quát
刮: Nôm readings: quát

1. chữ Hán form of quát (“to scrape off; to pare; to make thin”).
2. Nôm form of quát (“to shout; to storm; to yell”).