U+52AA, 努
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-52AA

[U+52A9]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+52AB]

Translingual

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Han character

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(Kangxi radical 19, +5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 女水大尸 (VEKS), four-corner 47427, composition )

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 146, character 28
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2314
  • Dae Jaweon: page 331, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 369, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+52AA

Chinese

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trad.
simp. #

Glyph origin

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Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *naːʔ) : semantic (strength) + phonetic (OC *naː) – exert one’s strength.

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *nwar; cognate with Mizo nawr (push, thrust, urge, compel, attack) < nɔɔr & Mizo nawrh (to sulk, to be displeased, disgruntled, offended) < nuar ~ nɔrʔ ~ nɔrh, & Khami *nuar "get angry" (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • Quanzhou:
    • nǒ͘/ló͘ - literary;
    • lǒ͘ - vernacular.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (8)
Final () (23)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter nuX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/nuoX/
Pan
Wuyun
/nuoX/
Shao
Rongfen
/noX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/nɔX/
Li
Rong
/noX/
Wang
Li
/nuX/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/nuoX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
nou5
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 9606
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*naːʔ/

Definitions

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  1. to exert; to strive; to make an effort
      ―    ―  to make an effort
  2. to bulge; to pout
  3. (dialectal) to inure oneself through overexertion
  4. (Cantonese) to push something out of the body by contracting abdominal muscles and increasing abdominal pressure
    [Cantonese]  ―  nou5 si2 [Jyutping]  ―  to strain to poop

Compounds

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Japanese

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Kanji

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(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term

Grade: 4
on'yomi

Middle Chinese (nuoX)

Pronunciation

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Affix

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() (do

  1. work, toil

Noun

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() (do

  1. the third of the Eight Principles of Yong
Hypernyms
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Coordinate terms
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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
つとむ
Grade: 4
kun'yomi

Nominalization of the classical Japanese verb 努む (tsutomu) (modern 努める (tsutomeru, to work, to toil)).

Pronunciation

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Proper noun

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(つとむ) (Tsutomu

  1. a male given name

References

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  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja

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(eumhun 힘쓸 (himsseul no))

  1. hanja form? of (exertion; striving; making an effort)

Compounds

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: nỗ

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
  NODES
eth 1
see 1