勾

Translingual

Han character

勾 (Kangxi radical 20, 勹+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 心戈 (PI), four-corner 2772₀, composition ⿹勹厶)

Derived characters

㘬抅构沟鈎(钩) 䩓芶𪜩𠯜𡵺𢗕𣧔𤖮𭷖𥐾𧘤𥩞𦨛𮗣𧰴𧵈𨊵𩚘𩵻𫚱𪐯𪖙𡖜𢄇𥡚𪚭𠚸𠣛𢼃𠅱𤵆𥬉𮮢𪚵
𰫛(𬘗) (Nonstandard simplified form of 絇)
购 (Simplified form of 購)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 150, character 23
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2500
Dae Jaweon: page 339, character 13
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 256, character 3
Unihan data for U+52FE

Chinese

simp. and trad.		勾
alternative forms		句

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (句) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
勾	koː, koːs
鉤	*koː
鴝	koː, ɡo
句	koː, koːs, kos, ɡo
夠	koː, koːs, *kʰoː
枸	koː, koːʔ, *koʔ
軥	koː, koːs, *ɡo
狗	*koːʔ
苟	*koːʔ
岣	koːʔ, ko
笱	*koːʔ
玽	*koːʔ
耇	*koːʔ
豿	koːʔ, qʰroːɡ
敂	*koːʔ
怐	koːs, kʰoːs, qʰoːs, kos
雊	*koːs
竘	kʰoːʔ, kʰoʔ
齁	*qʰoː
呴	qʰoːʔ, qʰos
蚼	qʰoːʔ, ɡo
豞	*qʰoːs
訽	qʰoːs, ɡoːs
佝	*qʰoːs
拘	*ko
駒	*ko
眗	*ko
跔	*ko
鮈	*ko
痀	*ko
蒟	koʔ, kos
絇	kos, ɡo
邭	*kos
劬	*ɡo
朐	*ɡo
鼩	*ɡo
斪	*ɡo
翑	*ɡo
葋	*ɡo
姁	ɡo, qʰo, qʰoʔ, qʰos
欨	qʰo, qʰoʔ
喣	*qʰoʔ
煦	qʰoʔ, qʰos
昫	*qʰos

Variant of 句, via 口 → 厶.

Etymology 1

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gōu (gou¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄡ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ngau¹ / gau¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): kiêu

(Meixian, Guangdong): gêu¹
Jin (Wiktionary): gou¹
Eastern Min (BUC): gĕu / gău
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kio / ko͘ / kau

(Teochew, Peng'im): gao¹
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹keu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gōu
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄡ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gou
  - Wade–Giles: kou¹
  - Yale: gōu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gou
  - Palladius: гоу (gou)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /koʊ̯⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: ngau¹ / gau¹
  - Yale: ngāu / gāu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ngau¹ / gau¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: ngeo¹ / geo¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɐu̯⁵⁵/, /kɐu̯⁵⁵/

Note: gau1 - rare (due to homophony with 㞗).

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiêu
  - Hakka Romanization System: gieu^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gieu¹
  - Sinological IPA: /ki̯eu̯²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: gêu¹
  - Sinological IPA: /keu⁴⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: gou¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /kəu¹¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gĕu / gău
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɛu⁵⁵/, /kau⁵⁵/

Note: gău - “to bracket (e.g. a sentence)”.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kio
  - Tâi-lô: kio
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kioy
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kio³³/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ko͘
  - Tâi-lô: koo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kof
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kɔ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kau
  - Tâi-lô: kau
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kaw
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kau⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kau³³/

Note:

kio/ko͘ - literary;
kau - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: gao¹
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kau
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /kau³³/

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹keu
  - MiniDict: keu^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹keu
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kɤ⁵³/

Middle Chinese: kuw

Rime
Character	勾
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	侯 (137)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古侯切
Baxter	kuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kəu/
Pan Wuyun	/kəu/
Shao Rongfen	/kəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kəw/
Li Rong	/ku/
Wang Li	/kəu/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gōu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gau¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤ(r)o/

(Zhengzhang): /*koː/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	勾
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gōu
Middle Chinese	‹ kuw ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ˁ(r)o/
English	curved
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	勾
Reading #	1/2
No.	7061
Phonetic component	句
Rime group	侯
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	鉤
Old Chinese	/*koː/
Notes	句轉註字，王韻注爲俗體

Definitions

勾

to bend; to curve; to crook; to hook
to draw; to delineate
to tick; to mark; to tick off
to cut off or cut out; to strike out; to cross out
to entice; to induce; to attract
to smear; to apply
(literary, or in compounds) to collude; to conspire
(cooking, literary, or in compounds) to mix thoroughly to make something thicken
(literary, or in compounds) to get; to call; to summon
(literary, or in compounds) to catch; to arrest
(historical geometry) shorter leg of a right triangle
numeral nine (used in radio communications in aviation and by the military)
See also: 九
a surname

Synonyms

(to entice):

edit

吸 (xī)
吸引 (xīyǐn)
抓 (zhuā)
招引 (zhāoyǐn)
誘惑 / 诱惑 (yòuhuò)
逗 (dòu)

(to collude with):

edit

串 (literary, or in compounds)
串同
串通 (chuàntōng)
交通 (jiāotōng) (Classical)
勾搭 (gōuda)
勾結 / 勾结 (gōujié)
勾通 (gōutōng)
拍通套 (Hokkien)
斗空 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
結構 / 结构 (jiégòu) (archaic)

(to smear): 塗抹／涂抹 (túmǒ)
(to mix thoroughly): 調製／调制 (tiáozhì)

Coordinate terms

(geometry): 股 (gǔ)

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gòu (gou⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄡˋ
Eastern Min (BUC): gēu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gòu
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄡˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gòu
  - Wade–Giles: kou⁴
  - Yale: gòu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gow
  - Palladius: гоу (gou)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /koʊ̯⁵¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gēu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɛu³³/

Middle Chinese: kuwH

Rime
Character	勾
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	侯 (137)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古候切
Baxter	kuwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kəu^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kəu^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kəu^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kəw^H/
Li Rong	/ku^H/
Wang Li	/kəu^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kə̯u^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gòu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gau³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤ(r)ok-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*koːs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	勾
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gòu
Middle Chinese	‹ kuw^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ˁ(r)ok-s/
English	loan for 彀 draw a bow to the full
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	勾
Reading #	2/2
No.	7079
Phonetic component	句
Rime group	侯
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	遘
Old Chinese	/*koːs/

Definitions

勾

trap; trick
Alternative form of 夠 / 够 (gòu, “to be enough; to be sufficient; to reach; can”)

Compounds

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 勾 – see 鉤 (“hook; barb; sickle; etc.”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 鉤).
Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

References

“勾”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

勾

(Jōyō kanji)

be bent

Readings

Go-on: く (ku)
Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)
Kun: まがる (magaru, 勾がる)、とらえる (toraeru, 勾える)、かぎ (kagi)、のぞく (nozoku)

Korean

Hanja

勾 • (gu, gwi) (hangeul 구, 귀, revised gu, gwi, McCune–Reischauer ku, kwi)

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Vietnamese

Han character

勾: Hán Nôm readings: câu, cấu, cú

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.