北風

Chinese

		north	wind; news; style wind; news; style; custom; manner
trad. (北風)		北	風
simp. (北风)		北	风

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): běifēng

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄟˇ ㄈㄥ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): bak¹ fung¹
• Gan (Wiktionary): 'bet⁶ fung¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): pet-fûng

  (Hailu, HRS): bed fung^ˋ

  (Meixian, Guangdong): bêd⁵ fung¹

• Jin (Wiktionary): bei² feng¹
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): pak-hong

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: běifēng
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄟˇ ㄈㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: běifong
    • Wade–Giles: pei³-fêng¹
    • Yale: běi-fēng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: beeifeng
    • Palladius: бэйфэн (bɛjfɛn)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: bak¹ fung¹
    • Yale: bāk fūng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: bak⁷ fung¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: beg¹ fung¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɐk̚⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: 'bet⁶ fung¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˈpɛt̚⁵ fuŋ⁴²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pet-fûng
    • Hakka Romanization System: bed^ˋ fung^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: bed⁵ fung¹
    • Sinological IPA: /pet̚² fuŋ²⁴/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: bed fung^ˋ
    • Sinological IPA: /pet⁵⁻² fuŋ⁵³/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: bêd⁵ fung¹
    • Sinological IPA: /pɛt̚¹ fʊŋ⁴⁴/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: bei² feng¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /pei⁵³ fəŋ¹¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pak-hong
    • Tâi-lô: pak-hong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: pakhofng
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /pak̚³²⁻⁴ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: pok pjuwng

Rime
Character	北	風
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	德 (131)	東 (2)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	博墨切	方戎切
Baxter	pok	pjuwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pək̚/	/pɨuŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/pək̚/	/piuŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/pək̚/	/piuŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pək̚/	/puwŋ/
Li Rong	/pək̚/	/piuŋ/
Wang Li	/pək̚/	/pĭuŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/pək̚/	/pi̯uŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bo	fēng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bak1	fung1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*pˤək  prəm/

  (Zhengzhang): /*pɯːɡ  plum/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	北	風
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	běi	fēng
Middle Chinese	‹ pok ›	‹ pjuwng ›
Old Chinese	/*pˁək/	/*prəm/
English	north	wind (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	北	風
Reading #	1/1	1/2
No.	414	2921
Phonetic component	北	凡
Rime group	職	侵
Rime subdivision	0	3
Corresponding MC rime	北	風
Old Chinese	/*pɯːɡ/	/*plum/

Noun

北風

1. northerly; north wind (a persistent wind from the north)
2. (by extension) cold wind

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (北風):

• → Japanese: 北風(ほくふう) (hokufū)
• → Korean: 북풍(北風) (bukpung)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
北	風
きた Grade: 2	かぜ Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) きたかぜ [kìtákázé] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [kʲita̠ka̠ze̞]

Noun

北(きた)風(かぜ) • (kitakaze) ^{←きたかぜ (kitakaze)?}

1. northerly; north wind

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
北	風
ほく Grade: 2	ふう Grade: 2
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ほくふう [hòkúfúú] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ho̞kɯ̟ɸɯ̟ː]

Noun

北(ほく)風(ふう) • (hokufū) ^{←ほくふう (fokufuu)?}

1. northerly; north wind

Korean

Hanja in this term
北	風

Noun

北風 • (bukpung) (hangeul 북풍)

1. hanja form^? of 북풍 (“north wind”)